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Envs 1126 > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Organisms and environmental factors (laws of limiting factors)

A

Any factor outside of optimal range will cause stress and limit growth, reproduction, and survival of a population

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2
Q

Ecology

A

The study of all processes influencing
- distribution and abundance of organisms
- interactions between living things and the environment

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3
Q

species:

A

A group of individuals that share certain characteristics

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4
Q

Population

A

All members of a particular species occupying a given area

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5
Q

A biotic community (biota)

A

The grouping of populations in an area
- all vegetation, animals, microscopic organisms
Determined by abiotic organisms (light, T, ph, salinity, water, light, etc.)

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6
Q

Ecosystem

A

An interactive complex of the biotic community and the abiotic environment
I.e. forest, grassland, wetland, coral reef
HUMANS ARE PARTOF THE ECOSYSTEM

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7
Q

Ecotone

A

Transitional region between ecosystems

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8
Q

Landscape

A

A cluster of interacting ecosystems

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9
Q

Biome

A

A grouping of all the ecosystems with the same climate and similar vegetation

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10
Q

Biosphere

A

The overal system of all living things

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11
Q

Condition (factor)

A

Any factor that varies in space and time but is not used up

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12
Q

Resource (factor)

A

Any factor consumed by organisms

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13
Q

Explain the survival curve

A

Every species has an optimum range, cones of stress, and limits of tolerance for every abiotic factor

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14
Q

Synergistic effects (synergisms)

A

Factors that interact to cause an even greater effect than expected

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15
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

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16
Q

Law of conservation of matter

A

Atoms do not change and are not created or destroyed

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17
Q

The exception to the law of conservation of matter

A

Nuclear reactions split atoms. It’s very rare and not a chemical reaction

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18
Q

Organic molecules

A

Contains both carbon and hydrogen

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19
Q

Inorganic molecules

A

Do not contain both carbon and hydrogen

20
Q

An organism is composed of large compounds - contain 6 key elements: (hint N CHOPS)

A

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen

21
Q

Four spheres of the earth

A

Bio, hydro, atmo, and litho

22
Q

Atmosphere

A

The thin layer of gas separating earth from outer space

23
Q

Hydrosphere

A

Source of hydrogen
H bonding: a weak attraction that bonds two H atoms to an O atom

24
Q

Lithosphere

A

Site of all elements (found as rock and soil minerals)

25
Q

Minerals

A

Dense clusters of atoms

26
Q

Where do the spheres interact

A

The atmosphere, lithosphere, and hydrosphere interact in the biosphere

27
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work

28
Q

Calorie

A

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1°C

29
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

Law of conservation of energy

30
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Usable energy is lost in any energy conversion

31
Q

Which causes a gain in energy and which releases energy
Production vs. breakdown of organic material

A

Production causes a gain and breakdown releases energy

32
Q

Photosynthesis (compounds -> compounds)

A

6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
6 Carbon dioxide + 6 water -> glucose + 6 oxygen

33
Q

Cellular respiration (define and compounds to compounds)

A

Organic molecules are broken down inside each cell
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
Glucose + 6 oxygen -> 6 Carbon dioxide + 6 water

34
Q

haber-bosch process (hint: nitrogen)

A

N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3

35
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

N2 -> NH4

36
Q

Denitrification

A

NO3- ->N2 (anaerobic process)

37
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Nitrogen gas in atmosphere enters biological system
Nitrogen gas to ammonium to used by plants

38
Q

Why can two predators coexist

A

They rely on different resources and have different niches

39
Q

First step of the nitrogen cycle

A
  1. Uptake of NH4 or NO3 by organisms
40
Q

Second step of the nitrogen cycle

A
  1. Release NH4 by decomposition
41
Q

Third, fourth step of nitrogen cycle

A

3, 4. Microbial oxidation of NH4 (yields energy in aerobic conditions)

42
Q

Fifth step of nitrogen cycle

A
  1. Denitrification (NO3 respiration) by microbes in anaerobic conditions (NO3 is used instead of O2 as the terminal electron acceptor during decomposition of organic matter)
43
Q

Sixth step of nitrogen cycle

A
  1. Nitrogen fixation
44
Q

Seventh step of the nitrogen cycle

A
  1. Nitrate leaching from soil
45
Q

Methane (CH4)

A

A greenhouse gas produced in the stomachs of ruminant animals and is increasing in concentrations in the troposphere

Envs 1126 (5 decks)

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