Lecture 3

Question 1

what is bradycardia?

Answer 1

It is a natural response to cold waters that allow whales to slow their circulatory system to consume less energy and oxygen.

Question 2

what is Unique about the Aortic Bulb in whales, and what does it do.

Answer 2

the Aortic bulb is significantly larger in whales than other land mammals. it is apart of the circulatory system and allows for pumping of blood in high pressure areas.

Question 3

What does Counter currant Heat Exchanger (CCHR) do?

Answer 3

• transfers warmth
• allows for deep diving

Question 4

what does hemoglobin and myoglobin do?

Answer 4

They are used for storing and transporting blood through the blood
Myoglobin holds oxygen in the blood, fill before dives
Hemoglobin oxygenates blood

Question 5

what is anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

it is a type of respiration that uses cells to break down sugars to produce oxygen.
- it also causes lactic acid buildup

Question 6

what is the difference between anaerobic respiration and aerobic respiration

Answer 6

anarerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen
aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen.
- whales can switch between both during a dive.

Question 7

kleibers Law

Answer 7

• mass metabolic rate
• bigger you get -> slower metabolic rate

Question 8

What does ventilation refer to in whales

Answer 8

The rapid evacuation of the lungs when breaching the surface.

Question 9

Where are the reproductive organs stored?

Answer 9

stored internally to improve fluid dynamics

Question 10

What is one good, and one bad thing about the group social structures of whales

Answer 10

• groups decreases infant mortality
• low genetic variability

Question 11

what is unique about whale eyes?

Answer 11

• Large
• adapted for high pressure

Question 12

what is the olfactory system and do whales have one?

Answer 12

the olfactory system is responsible for smell, and some whales have a very small one, or none at all.

Question 13

what is a human caused negative impact of whales not having a olfactory system

Answer 13

the olfactory system is used for smell and taste. so whales are unable to detect oil spills in order to avoid them

Question 14

what are the few hairs that a whale does have, used for?

Answer 14

sensing the world around them, Temperature, objects

Question 15

what is the YSF organ?

Answer 15

It is a large sensory organ that is found in the mouth of some large baleen whales. It communicates with the brain but its uses are unclear.

Question 16

Do whales have Ears?

Answer 16

yes, they have internal ears that are blocked full of wax. these whales are external to the skull.

Question 17

how do whales hear?

Answer 17

though they have ears, whales primarily pick up vibrations in the water with a thin bony part of their jaw

Question 18

do mysticetes or odontocetes have a symmetrical skull?

Answer 18

mysticites have a symmetrical skull where odontecetes have an asymmetrical skull.

Question 19

what classifies noise as communication?

Answer 19

intent and interpretation from one animal to another.

Question 20

why do whales make noise?

Answer 20

• maintaining contact with others
• signalling
• display reproductive fitness

Question 21

how do killer whales communicate?

Answer 21

• biosonar/echolocation
• cryptic clicks

Question 22

is there a difference between transent and residential orca communication?

Answer 22

Yes, the communication can be very different, like languages.

Question 23

what is saint patricks speciation?

Answer 23

speciation for no defined reason