Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ecology of whales > L8 - Threats to whales > Flashcards

L8 - Threats to whales Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 threats to whales mentioned in class?

A
  • Loss of habitat
  • Overfishing
  • Pollution
  • Underwater noise
  • Ship strikes
  • Entanglement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is wrong with Whale population ecology?

A

Difficult to observe to get estimates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do we get whale population estimate samples

A

-often use multiple sound sensors to triangulate whale calls
- find them on continental shelves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is wrong with whale population ecology

A
  • Large margin of error
  • all estimates will be inaccurate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do current whale population ecology estimates show?

A

low populations with VERY slow recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

when was the moratorium on whaling

A

1986

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the period between 1925 and 1960 also known as?

A

the “Whaling Olympics”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is Live capture?

A

capturing whales alive for the use of display or tagging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what whales where targeted for live capture?

A

Orcas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is dangerous about live capture?

A

many whales either died from fear and heart attack when captured in nets or from entanglement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Does Live Capture of whales still occur?

A

banned in many places
- still can get a permit in BC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what whale is most commonly caught for captivity?

A

Beluga Whales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is “the Blob”

A
  • a large mass of super productive algae
  • dense algae bloom that die all at once
  • creates dead zones by blocking out light and taking up nutrients.
  • 2013
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

why do coastal regions become so degraded

A

High population densities and Cities in coastal or river regions.
- More people = more pollution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Are whales K selective or R selective?

A

K selective and requires stable ecosystems
- density independent
- limited breeding
- capital breeders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is Dredging

A

the processes of making a water basin deeper to support bigger ships

17
Q

why is dredging bad?

A
  • water turbidity
  • Noise pollution
  • disturbance
  • pollution
18
Q

What are Some Mitigation strategies for whale conservation?

A
  • protection acts
  • work windows
  • Marine Mammal observation (MMO)
  • Exclusion Zones
19
Q

what is By-catch

A

fisherman accidentally catching something that is not the targeted species.
this can be other fish, or marine mammels.

20
Q

what are some problems with Bi-catch

A
  • difficult to police
  • Bi-catch is often wasted
21
Q

when was the ban on drift net fisheries and why

A

1992
- catch everything in a given area. very wasteful practice
-Mammals, Birds, Fish

22
Q

What is a ghost net?

A

a free floating fishing net that has been left behind by people.
Fills with fish –> fish Die and the net sinks to ocean floor –> Animals Rot away –> net rises to catch more fish
endless cycle.

23
Q

what is entanglement

A

when whales get caught in fishing nets, and movement is restricted

24
Q

what are fishing nets required to include now?

A

owner information, so charges can be placed if lost or damaged.

25
Q

what are the 4 important factors that make something a good pollutant

A
  • persistances
    - Affects duration in environment
    after release
  • Volatility
    - Affects in the atmosphere
  • Water solubility
    - affects transportation
  • Bio accumulation
    - Affects concentrate at higher
    trophic levels
26
Q

What is a POP

A

Persistent organic Pollutant

27
Q

what are PCBs

A

A pollutant
- heavy machinery
- bioaccumulation
- Attaches to Fat, (bodies and milk)
- Understanding of how bad still
unknown. could affect fertility

28
Q

what are Dioxins and Furans

A

a pollutant
- Bi-products of cumbustion processes
- settles in sediments
- Bi-product of fertilizer production

29
Q

what are PAH

A

a pollutant
- burning of coal or oil

30
Q

what are two mitigation/remediation techniques for pollution

A
  • in-site capping
  • Dredging/excavation
31
Q

what are antifouling products

A

paint or chemicals added to the hulls of boats to prevent growth of organisms
- very restricted as to which can be used

32
Q

how is vessel traffic a threat to whales?

A
  • vessel strikes
  • Behavioural changes
  • Auditory Disturbance
33
Q

Why is sound pollution a problem?

A

whales are sound animals
- sound travels farther underwater
- low frequency travels farther
- masking
- low frequency noiuse travels the furthest

34
Q

is the ocean quiet

A

no, the ocean can be naturally noisy
- rain
-wind
- micro bubbels

Ecology of whales (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions