Lecture 3

Question 1

What is categorization ?

Answer 1

process of simplifying the enviroment by creating categories (called social groups) based on characteristics that a set of people have in common

Question 2

What are basic social categories ?

Answer 2

the social categories of race, age, and gender for which people have a wealth of information available in memory

Question 3

What are subtypes ?

Answer 3

Binds different social categories

Question 4

What is bottom-up processing ?

Answer 4

based on the observable characteristics of the people we encounter

Question 5

What is top-down processing ?

Answer 5

perceivers call up on prior knowledge they have stored in memory and their expectations about interactions to classify others

Question 6

What is prototypicality ?

Answer 6

the extent to which the person’s physical features match those that are considered essential charactersitics of a basic social category

Question 7

What is the minimal group paradigm ?

Answer 7

placement into the “overestimator” or “underestimator” group was random and so was not based on the participants actual responses, therefore, any differences

Question 8

What is ingroup bias ?

Answer 8

Own group is more deserving

Question 9

What is social identity ?

Answer 9

those aspects of an individual’s self-image that derive from the social categories to which they perceives themselves as belonging

Question 10

What is ingroup indentification ?

Answer 10

Extent to which the ingroup is included part of the self

Question 11

What is the outgroup homogeneity effect ?

Answer 11

tendency to perceive ingroup members as more varied than outgroup members

Question 12

What is illusory correlations ?

Answer 12

beleifs that incorrectly link two characteristics, such as age and a personality trait

Question 13

What is stereotype endorsement ?

Answer 13

extent to which a person fully agrees with the social stereotype of a group

Question 14

What is stereotype activation ?

Answer 14

extent to which a stereotype comes to mind

Question 15

What is stereotype application ?

Answer 15

using a stereotype to judge someone

Question 16

What are self-fulfilling prophecies ?

Answer 16

people’s behaviour towards others leads those others to behave in a stereotype-consistent manner

Question 17

What is subtyping ?

Answer 17

When a discrepant case is encountered, they create a special category and view it as an exception to the rule

Question 18

What is concentrated disconfirmation ?

Answer 18

disconfirming information is a rare example; perceivers create a new category to account for this unusual case

Question 19

What is dispersed disconfirmation ?

Answer 19

disconfirming information found in many examples; the exception becomes part of the rule, chaning the group stereotype

Question 20

What is the stereotype as knowledge hypothesis ?

Answer 20

more accurate stereotypes should be found among perceivers with more intelligence, education and contact with the stereotyped group

Question 21

What is the egalitarian-denial hypothesis ?

Answer 21

In their attempt to be egalitarian, many perceivers are motivated to understate real group differences

Question 22

What is cultural competence ?

Answer 22

Ability to understand and interact effectively with people from other cultures