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Bio test 9 > Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 3 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Which of these is not a physical characteristic one uses to classify prokaryotes?
A

Differential Staining
Photosynthetic or nonphotosynthetic
Motile or nonmotile
Unicellular or colony-forming filamentous
Formation of spores or division by transverse binary fission
Shape

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2
Q
  1. Which of these is not a molecular characteristic one uses to classify prokaryotes?
A

Amino acid sequences
Guanine and cytosine percentages
Nucleic acid hybridization
Gene and RNA sequencing
Whole genome sequencing

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3
Q
  1. What is the name of the manual used to classify prokaryotes?
A

Bergey’s Manual

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4
Q
  1. According to the video Bacteria, are all bacteria bad?
A

No, many types of bacteria are helpful for organisms and ecosystems.

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5
Q
  1. According to the video Bacteria, regarding the bacteria that colonize your skin, it is good or bad? (and know why or why not)
A

Some are beneficial and actually help keep harmful strains and other types of pathogens from growing.

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6
Q
  1. According to the video Bacteria, which statement describes a way bacteria can be beneficial? (the video describes four ways)
A

Bacteria help break down food in your digestive system
Some bacteria produce food we eat
Bacteria also can be decomposeres
Bacteria also play a role in the nitrogen cycle to fix nitrogen that plants need

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7
Q
  1. According to the video Bacteria, do antibiotics work on viruses?
A

They dont work on viruses

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8
Q
  1. According to the video Bacteria, many bacterial species have a plasmid. What is the definition of a plasmid?
A

An extra copy of DNA with few genes on it

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9
Q
  1. There are two kinds of prokaryotes on earth, Domain Bacteria and Domain Archaea. Which statement does not describe a difference between these two Domains?
A

Different plasma membranes
Having peptidoglycan in cell wall or not
Different Gene translation Machinery

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10
Q
  1. What is the purpose of the cell wall of prokaryotes?
A

Does not let the cell rupture and is there for protection

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11
Q
  1. What is the definition of the peptidoglycan sometimes found in prokaryotes?
A

Polysaccharide molecules connected by polypeptide crosslinks, only bacteria has this

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12
Q
  1. What is the difference between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria?
A

Gram-positive: if it maintains a purple color
Gram-negative: if it doesn’t maintain a purple color

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13
Q
  1. Which statement describes the function or composition of a bacterial flagellum?
A

Flagella: protein flagellin anchored in cell wall and spin like a propeller
Made of flagellin
Propeller

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14
Q
  1. Which statement describes the function or composition of bacterial pili?
A

Pili: helps cells attach to appropriate substances and exchange genetic information
Hairlike structure
Purposes

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15
Q
  1. Know the parts of this prokaryote diagram and be able to label them if this test question is chosen.
A

Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule
Pili
Flagellum
Nucleoid region
Chromosome (DNA)
Ribosome

Remember clockwise

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16
Q
  1. Which statement describes the function or composition of bacterial endospores?
A

Endospores: thick walled spores around the genome and a small portion of cytoplasm when they are exposed to nutrient-poor conditions

Resistance to any type of environmental stress
Germination

17
Q
  1. Which statement does not describe the cellular interior of a basic bacterial cell?
A

Nucleoid Region: Where all DNA is
Ribosomes: Makes all proteins

Cytoplasm

18
Q
  1. Prokaryotes reproduce rapidly, allowing genetic variations to spread quickly through a population. How does this spreading of genetic information occur?
A

Conjugation: A bacterium with a plasmid (filled with info) attaches to another bacterium with it’s pili and share’s it’s plasmid.

19
Q
  1. What can be the result of a genetic (DNA or plasmid) mutation in a prokaryote?
A

It can lead to an antibiotic resistant strain through the plasmid

20
Q
  1. Which statement describes a photoautotrophic bacteria?
A

Getting energy from sunlight

21
Q
  1. Which statement describes a chemoautotrophic bacteria?
A

Dont work with sunlight, instead they work with gasses (Nitrogen, Hydrogen)

22
Q
  1. Which statement describes photoheterotrophic bacteria?
A

Purple, nonsulfur bacteria that use light as their source of energy but have to get carbon from organic molecule

23
Q
  1. Which statement describes chemoheterotrophic bacteria?
A

obtain both carbon and energy from organic molecules (decomposes and pathogens)

24
Q
  1. Which statement describes bacteria as a plant pathogen?
A

Blights
They can affect all different types of agriculture

Soft rots
These affect a lot of cedar trees

Wilts
All the leaves are affected and die and “wilt” away

Bio test 9 (3 decks)

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