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Bio test 9 > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. What is the definition of evolution?
A

Its a change in genetic frequencies

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2
Q
  1. What is the definition of natural selection? (our class definition)
A

The mechanism of evolution and how it occurs.

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3
Q
  1. Which statement does not describe the natural selection example discussed in class (the one about the black and brown mice)?
A

start with three black mice and six tan mice; black mice can hide better from predators than the tan mice
The next generation will have seven black mice and two tan mice b

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4
Q
  1. According to the video Natural Selection, if there are organisms which are considered the same species, which statement describes one of the things they can do?
A

They can breed, pass down DNA to offspring, have a variety of traits

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5
Q
  1. According to the video Natural Selection, what does fitness mean in the biological sense?
A

By how many offspring they have

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6
Q
  1. What is artificial selection?
A

When humans pick the genes they want to be expressed

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7
Q
  1. Fossils provide direct evidence of evolution. How does one make a fossil?
A

First the organism has to be buried in sediment

Second the calcium in the bone or other hard tissues must mineralize

Third the surrounding sediment must harden to form a rock which means usually has to be applied under a great deal of pressure

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8
Q
  1. What is a difference between relative and absolute dating of fossils?
A

Relative dating- if a fossil is closer to the earth’s surface; it is newer. And if a fossil is farther from the earth’s surface; it is older.
Absolute dating- this is when you are looking at the radioactive decay when looking at the half life

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9
Q
  1. What is the definition of a homologous structure?
A

Are structures with different appearance and functions that all derive from the same body part in common ancestors

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10
Q
  1. What is the definition of a vestigial structure?
A

Body part or structure that is no longer used by an organism

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11
Q
  1. Which statement describes an examples of a vestigial structure?
A

The human appendix
The pelvis of a whale (This also shows how humans are related to whales)

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12
Q
  1. According to the video Molecular Evolution: Genes and Proteins, when scientists compare the entire genome of backer’s yeast and a worm, what did they find?
A

Worms contain most of the same genes but the reverse is not true, since the worm is a more modern creature.

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13
Q
  1. According to the video Molecular Evolution: Genes and Proteins, how can the genome of cytochrome C tell us how organisms are related?
A

These mutations tell the genealogy of the owners.

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14
Q
  1. What is a difference between convergent and divergent evolution?
A

Convergent evolution- occurs when species have different ancestral origins, but have developed similar features

Divergent evolution- occurs when two separate species evolve differently from a common ancestor

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15
Q
  1. According to the video Molecular Evolution: Genes and Proteins, when scientists compare the entire genome of backer’s yeast and a worm, what did they find?
A

Worms contain most of the same genes but the reverse is not true, since the worm is a more modern creature.

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16
Q
  1. Which statement describes an example of convergent evolution?
A

Sharks, tunas, porpoises and dolphins are similar in structure, they have fins, asymmetrical tails but in general they are going to be streamlined to move through water.

17
Q
  1. Which statement describes an example of divergent evolution?
A

Its believed that only finch species eventually came to the galapagos from ecuador and over time ended up with 20 species of finch by random mutations

18
Q
  1. Which statement accurately describes the current theories for where life originated on earth four billion years ago?
A

They think life arose in bubbles that are constantly forming at the ocean’s edge

19
Q
  1. Which theory is regarded as the most viable (currently) for where and how life originated on Earth? Why?
A

At deep sea vents this is becoming a much more popular place to be considered the origin of life since they have everything that is needed.

20
Q
  1. What is the definition of a mass extinction?
A

Extremely sharp decline in species diversity

21
Q
  1. Which of these is not a mass extinction which occurred in the past?
A

Permian (Most severe)
Cretaceous
Triassic
Devonian
Ordovician
(Anything else mentioned DID NOT occur)

22
Q
  1. The most severe extinction occurred at the end of the _____ period approximately 250 million years ago (96-98% of all plant and animals went extinct). Fill in the blank.
A

permian

23
Q
  1. We are currently in the sixth mass extinction called the ____. Fill in the blank.
A

Anthropocene

Bio test 9 (3 decks)

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