lecture 2 Flashcards
- Mutations can change allele frequencies. A typical gene mutates once every ____________ (number) cell divisions. Fill in the blank.
100,000
- How are mutations and evolution related?
Mutations are the genetic mechanism that allows evolution to occur
- What is the definition of gene flow?
The movement of alleles from one population to another
- Why is gene flow important?
Because it allows diversity within populations
- What is the definition of assortative mating?
This is in which phenotypically similar individuals mate
- What does assortative mating result in phenotypically?
A homozygous population
- What is the definition of disassortative mating?
This is when phenotypically different individuals mate more often
- What does disassortative mating result in phenotypically?
An excess of heterozygotes
- What is the definition of genetic drift?
Change in allele frequencies due to chance
- How can genetic drift change the genetic frequencies of a small or large population?
If its a small population, frequencies of a particular allele may change drastically by chance alone
- According to the video Genetic Drift, what is the difference between genetic drift and natural selection?
Natural selection has more to do with the traits of organisms (survival of the fittest). Genetic drift doesn ’t have to do with traits, it’s more about chance.
- How can a bottleneck effect change the alleles of a population?
It can completely change them and basically cause them to disappear
- According to the video Speciation, how can natural selection bring about speciation?
Change overtime can lead to a new species
- What is the definition of classification?
How species may be grouped based on their phylogenetic relationships
- What is the definition of taxonomy?
Its the science of classifying organisms and a particular level in the classification system called a taxon
- What is the definition of systematics?
The reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships
- What is the definition of phylogeny?
The similarities and differences between species and reconstructing evolutionary tree
- Regarding cladistics, one must distinguish a similarity that is inherited from a common ancestor of an entire group, and is called __________ similarities, from similarities that arose within the group and this is termed __________. Fill in the blanks.
ancetral
derived
- In order to create a cladogram, one must analyze different _____________ which can be varying phenotypes, morphology, physiology, behavior, and DNA. Fill in the blank.
charcters
- What is a cladogram?
Going to pick the hypnosis of the evolutionary relationships
- A derived character shared by clade members is called a _____________. Fill in the blank.
synapomorphy
