lecture 2

Question 1

24. Mutations can change allele frequencies. A typical gene mutates once every ____________ (number) cell divisions. Fill in the blank.

Answer 1

100,000

Question 2

25. How are mutations and evolution related?

Answer 2

Mutations are the genetic mechanism that allows evolution to occur

Question 3

26. What is the definition of gene flow?

Answer 3

The movement of alleles from one population to another

Question 4

27. Why is gene flow important?

Answer 4

Because it allows diversity within populations

Question 5

28. What is the definition of assortative mating?

Answer 5

This is in which phenotypically similar individuals mate

Question 6

29. What does assortative mating result in phenotypically?

Answer 6

A homozygous population

Question 7

30. What is the definition of disassortative mating?

Answer 7

This is when phenotypically different individuals mate more often

Question 8

31. What does disassortative mating result in phenotypically?

Answer 8

An excess of heterozygotes

Question 9

32. What is the definition of genetic drift?

Answer 9

Change in allele frequencies due to chance

Question 10

33. How can genetic drift change the genetic frequencies of a small or large population?

Answer 10

If its a small population, frequencies of a particular allele may change drastically by chance alone

Question 11

34. According to the video Genetic Drift, what is the difference between genetic drift and natural selection?

Answer 11

Natural selection has more to do with the traits of organisms (survival of the fittest). Genetic drift doesn ’t have to do with traits, it’s more about chance.

Question 12

36. How can a bottleneck effect change the alleles of a population?

Answer 12

It can completely change them and basically cause them to disappear

Question 13

37. According to the video Speciation, how can natural selection bring about speciation?

Answer 13

Change overtime can lead to a new species

Question 14

41. What is the definition of classification?

Answer 14

How species may be grouped based on their phylogenetic relationships

Question 15

42. What is the definition of taxonomy?

Answer 15

Its the science of classifying organisms and a particular level in the classification system called a taxon

Question 16

46. What is the definition of systematics?

Answer 16

The reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships

Question 17

47. What is the definition of phylogeny?

Answer 17

The similarities and differences between species and reconstructing evolutionary tree

Question 18

49. Regarding cladistics, one must distinguish a similarity that is inherited from a common ancestor of an entire group, and is called __________ similarities, from similarities that arose within the group and this is termed __________. Fill in the blanks.

Answer 18

ancetral

derived

Question 19

51. In order to create a cladogram, one must analyze different _____________ which can be varying phenotypes, morphology, physiology, behavior, and DNA. Fill in the blank.

Answer 19

charcters

Question 20

52. What is a cladogram?

Answer 20

Going to pick the hypnosis of the evolutionary relationships

Question 21

53. A derived character shared by clade members is called a _____________. Fill in the blank.

Answer 21

synapomorphy