Lecture 3 Flashcards
What are the 5 most common causes of death in infants in the US?
- Accidents
- Birth defects
- Preterm birth and low birth weight
- Sudden SIDS
- Pregnancy complications
What are the 5 most common causes of infant deaths in the world?
- Neonatal encephalopathy, or problems with brain function after birth. Neonatal encephalopathy usually results from birth trauma or a lack of O2 to the baby during birth
- Infections, especially blood infections
- Complications of preterm birth
- Lower respiratory infections (like the flu and pneumonia)
- Diarrheal diseases
What are the 3 assumptions of the Family Systems Theory?
- The family is a complex emotional unit
- The family is emotionally interconnected
- Familial, community, and social relationships are reciprocal
What are the 3 definitions of families?
- Traditional and legal definition
-> Family members are related by legal ties or genetic relationships - Non-Traditional definition
-> At least 2 people who say they are a “family” and are bound by
sharing and emotional closeness
-> “A family is whoever you say it is” - A family is a functioning group “System”
-> A family system contains or relates to 2 other systems:
-> Subsystem (individual family members)
-> Suprasystem (groups “outside” the family)
What is the family development theory?
Family is a developing group that goes through stages
1. Just married couple
2. Children arrive
3. Childrens’ growth and development bring change
4. Young adults leave home
5. Old married couple
6. Death breaks the physical relationship but not the emotional connection
Family Development Theory
- Family members must perform certain time-specific tasks
- Family role performance at one stage influences behavioral options at the next stage. eg: poor hearing in a young child requires more attention in an older child
- Disequilibrium is common when entering a new stage, with goal of homeostasis within stages
What are the 3 parts of the Family Systems Theory?
- Inter-relatedness
- A family consists of more than just the “sum” of its parts (members)
- A change in one member affects the whole family (PEDIATRIC CARE) - Interaction
- Who I am or Who I have become is dependent on family relationships and interactions
- Is it helpful to blame our families for our problems and issues?
- We also interact with the environment and community, which also influences who we are - Boundaries
- Imaginary but real lines btwn family members and also btwn family and the “outside world”
What is the Family Stress Theory?
- Stress is a definite part of family life
- One family’s “crisis” may be another family’s “challenge”
- The ability to handle stress depends on 4 factors:
- Basic family type or attributes (dysfunctional vs healthy or
“stable”) - Amount of resources or support the family has
- Family’s perception of the stressful event
- Family’s “learned coping strategies”
-> When stressors exceed the family’s ability to cope, crisis occurs
- Basic family type or attributes (dysfunctional vs healthy or
What is the Family Role Theory?
- Role is defined by culture
- Most people assume several roles (student, employee, spouse, etc)
- Role expectations - expectations about behaviors and feelings that a role should include
- New parents and grandparents carry these expectations in
their heads
- New parents and grandparents carry these expectations in
- Role stress or strain
- Subjective reaction when trying to meet all role
expectations
-> Being “super mom/dad” while employed and in school
-> Person with role strain knowns he/she has it, but like
pain, it sometimes can’t be objectively measured, just
personally recognized
- Subjective reaction when trying to meet all role
- Role transitions
- Moving in and out of roles (pregnancy to parenting, etc)
- Usually causes some role stress which can be reduced by
“anticipatory socialization” such as childbirth and
parenting classes
What are the 2 family characteristics that may impact health?
- Cultural beliefs about health
- Religious beliefs about health
7 Attributes of a Health Family
- Commitment to growth of all members
- Showing appreciation and stressing the positive
- Effort to spend time with family
- Basic agreement about important things
- Ability to communicate, or at least try
- Flexible in problem solving and coping
- Balance between external and internal resources
3 layers that make up the myometrium (2nd or middle layer of uterine wall)
- Longitudinal
- Transverse
- Oblique
They make a figure 8 pattern to prevent postpartum hemorrhaging
Shape of blood vessels in the uterus when not pregnant vs when pregnant
Not pregnant: Coiled
Pregnant: Uncoiled and straighten*
*Unless something like preeclampsia happens or when blood vessels don’t “remodel” correctly, affecting placental perfusion and leading to vasospasm
Hormones in the menstrual cycle and where they come from
- Hypothalamus
-> Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
-> AKA Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRHR)
-> GnRH are “sex hormones” for both males and females - Pituitary
-> Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
-> Luteinizing hormone (LH) - Ovary
-> Estrogen
-> Progesterone (heat-creating hormone)
What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle that temporarily change the uterus?
- Menstruation (the period)
- Proliferative phase
- Secretory (before period bleeding)
