Lecture 1

Question 1

What is the first Principle of Client Care?

Answer 1

Maintain or achieve stability.

Question 2

What is the most common reason for a child to be admitted to a hospital?

Answer 2

Respiratory issues!

Question 3

Clinical Judgment Process - NCLEX

Answer 3

1. Recognize cues (What do I see going on?)
2. Analyze cues (What could these mean?)
3. Prioritize hypotheses (I think ____ is going on)
4. Generate solutions (How can I help?)
5. Take action (Let’s fix this)
6. Evaluate outcomes (Did it work?)

Question 4

What are the two types of care plans a nurse should keep in their mind?

Answer 4

1. Comprehensive
2. Focused

Question 5

What is a Comprehensive Care Plan?

Answer 5

• Broad - The big picture
• Covers multiple possible risk factors

Question 6

What is a Focused Care Plan?

Answer 6

• Addresses a particular risk factor
• A nurse will likely create several focused care plans for each pt during the shift

Question 7

How is a Focused Care Plan Beneficial to a Student?

Answer 7

• Moving your learning beyond experiential to concrete
• Revealing connections btwn data, problems, actions, and outcomes
• Building pattern recognition
• Reducing anxiety and providing safe care
• Allowing you to practice a deliberate thinking process to “chunk” data that builds patterns

Question 8

What are the Three Levels of Lateral Violence (LV)?

Answer 8

• Incivility
  –> Perception of the recipient
  –> Actor/observer effect
  –> Probably no intent to harm
• Bullying - intentional, chronic
  –> Intent to harm emotionally
• Violence

Question 9

Concepts r/t LV

Answer 9

• LV is said to exist when nurses adopt the “behaviors identified in oppressed groups” and direct their dissatisfaction toward:
  –> Themselves
  –> Each other
  –> ALWAYS directed toward those of “less power”

Question 10

Examples of LV

Answer 10

1. Nonverbal innuendo (raising eyebrows, face making)
2. Verbal affront (covert/overt, snide remarks, lack of openness, abrupt responses)
3. Undermining activities (turning away, not available)
4. Withholding information (practice or patient)
5. Sabotage (deliberately setting up a negative situation)

Question 11

What Three Things is LV About?

Answer 11

1. Power
2. Hierarchy
3. Control

Question 12

What Do You Do if You Are Being Bullied in Clinical?

Answer 12

Inform instructor or floor manager in charge and ask for assistance in handling this issue!

Question 13

Suggested Response to Non-Verbal Innuendo

Answer 13

“I sense (I see from your facial expression) that there may be something you wanted to say to me. It’s okay to speak directly to me.”

Question 14

Suggested Response to WIthholding Information

Answer 14

“It seems like there was more information available, regarding this situation? I believe if I had known that (more), it would have (will) affect how I learn or need to know.”

Question 15

Milestones in Maternity Care

Answer 15

• 1847: Ether used in childbirth for the 1st time
• 1918: Condoms became legal in US
• 1941: PCN used for maternal infection
• 1953: Dr. Virginia Apgar designed the Apgar Score for
  newborns
• 1965: Supreme Court ruled that married couples could use
  birth control
• 1968: Rubella vaccine became available
• 1978: Louise Brown, first test-tube baby was born

Question 16

Health Disparities Between Whites/Blacks/Native Americans/Hispanics/Alaska Natives

Answer 16

• Shorter life expectancy
• Higher infant and maternal mortality rate
• More birth defects
• More STDs

Question 17

Probable Causes of Health Disparities

Answer 17

• Racism
• Complex Interaction among:
  -> Biological factors
  –> Genetics
  -> Non-biologic factors
  –> Environment
  –> Socioeconomic factors
  –> Health behaviors

Question 18

Definition of Birth Rate

Answer 18

Number of live births in 1 year per 1,000 population

Question 19

Definition of Fertility Rate

Answer 19

Number of births per 1,000 women between ages 15-44 (inclusive)

Question 20

Definition of Neonatal Mortality Rate

Answer 20

Number of deaths of infants younger than 28 days old per 1,000 live births.

Question 21

Most Common Causes of Death in Neonates?

Answer 21

• Preterm birth
• Intrapartum-related complications
• Infections and birth defects

Question 22

Definition of Stillbirth

Answer 22

An infant who at birth shows no signs of life such as breathing, beating heart, or voluntary muscle movements

Question 23

Definition of Perinatal Mortality Rate

Answer 23

Number of stillbirths and neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births

Question 24

Definition of Infant Mortality Rate

Answer 24

Number of deaths of infants younger than 1 year old per 1,000 live births

Question 25

Definition of Maternal Mortality Rate

Answer 25

Number of maternal deaths from births and complications from pregnancy, birth, and puererium (the period of about 6 weeks after childbirth, during which the mother’s reproductive organs return to their original nonpregnant condition), per 100,000 live births

Question 26

What are the Most Common Causes of Infant Mortality in the US in 2011?

Answer 26

1. Birth defects
2. Preterm birth and low birth weight
3. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
4. Pregnancy complications
5. Accidents

Question 27

Top Causes of Infant Mortality Worldwide in 2010

Answer 27

1. Neonatal encephalopathy (usually from birth trauma or lack of 02 during birth), or problems with brain function after birth.
2. Infections, especially blood infection
3. Complications of preterm birth
4. Lower respiratory infections (such as flu and pneumonia)
5. Diarrheal disease