Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is the first Principle of Client Care?
Maintain or achieve stability.
What is the most common reason for a child to be admitted to a hospital?
Respiratory issues!
Clinical Judgment Process - NCLEX
- Recognize cues (What do I see going on?)
- Analyze cues (What could these mean?)
- Prioritize hypotheses (I think ____ is going on)
- Generate solutions (How can I help?)
- Take action (Let’s fix this)
- Evaluate outcomes (Did it work?)
What are the two types of care plans a nurse should keep in their mind?
- Comprehensive
- Focused
What is a Comprehensive Care Plan?
- Broad - The big picture
- Covers multiple possible risk factors
What is a Focused Care Plan?
- Addresses a particular risk factor
- A nurse will likely create several focused care plans for each pt during the shift
How is a Focused Care Plan Beneficial to a Student?
- Moving your learning beyond experiential to concrete
- Revealing connections btwn data, problems, actions, and outcomes
- Building pattern recognition
- Reducing anxiety and providing safe care
- Allowing you to practice a deliberate thinking process to “chunk” data that builds patterns
What are the Three Levels of Lateral Violence (LV)?
- Incivility
–> Perception of the recipient
–> Actor/observer effect
–> Probably no intent to harm - Bullying - intentional, chronic
–> Intent to harm emotionally - Violence
Concepts r/t LV
- LV is said to exist when nurses adopt the “behaviors identified in oppressed groups” and direct their dissatisfaction toward:
–> Themselves
–> Each other
–> ALWAYS directed toward those of “less power”
Examples of LV
- Nonverbal innuendo (raising eyebrows, face making)
- Verbal affront (covert/overt, snide remarks, lack of openness, abrupt responses)
- Undermining activities (turning away, not available)
- Withholding information (practice or patient)
- Sabotage (deliberately setting up a negative situation)
What Three Things is LV About?
- Power
- Hierarchy
- Control
What Do You Do if You Are Being Bullied in Clinical?
Inform instructor or floor manager in charge and ask for assistance in handling this issue!
Suggested Response to Non-Verbal Innuendo
“I sense (I see from your facial expression) that there may be something you wanted to say to me. It’s okay to speak directly to me.”
Suggested Response to WIthholding Information
“It seems like there was more information available, regarding this situation? I believe if I had known that (more), it would have (will) affect how I learn or need to know.”
Milestones in Maternity Care
- 1847: Ether used in childbirth for the 1st time
- 1918: Condoms became legal in US
- 1941: PCN used for maternal infection
- 1953: Dr. Virginia Apgar designed the Apgar Score for
newborns - 1965: Supreme Court ruled that married couples could use
birth control - 1968: Rubella vaccine became available
- 1978: Louise Brown, first test-tube baby was born
Health Disparities Between Whites/Blacks/Native Americans/Hispanics/Alaska Natives
- Shorter life expectancy
- Higher infant and maternal mortality rate
- More birth defects
- More STDs
Probable Causes of Health Disparities
- Racism
- Complex Interaction among:
-> Biological factors
–> Genetics
-> Non-biologic factors
–> Environment
–> Socioeconomic factors
–> Health behaviors
Definition of Birth Rate
Number of live births in 1 year per 1,000 population
Definition of Fertility Rate
Number of births per 1,000 women between ages 15-44 (inclusive)
Definition of Neonatal Mortality Rate
Number of deaths of infants younger than 28 days old per 1,000 live births.
Most Common Causes of Death in Neonates?
- Preterm birth
- Intrapartum-related complications
- Infections and birth defects
Definition of Stillbirth
An infant who at birth shows no signs of life such as breathing, beating heart, or voluntary muscle movements
Definition of Perinatal Mortality Rate
Number of stillbirths and neonatal deaths per 1,000 live births
Definition of Infant Mortality Rate
Number of deaths of infants younger than 1 year old per 1,000 live births
Definition of Maternal Mortality Rate
Number of maternal deaths from births and complications from pregnancy, birth, and puererium (the period of about 6 weeks after childbirth, during which the mother’s reproductive organs return to their original nonpregnant condition), per 100,000 live births
What are the Most Common Causes of Infant Mortality in the US in 2011?
- Birth defects
- Preterm birth and low birth weight
- Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)
- Pregnancy complications
- Accidents
Top Causes of Infant Mortality Worldwide in 2010
- Neonatal encephalopathy (usually from birth trauma or lack of 02 during birth), or problems with brain function after birth.
- Infections, especially blood infection
- Complications of preterm birth
- Lower respiratory infections (such as flu and pneumonia)
- Diarrheal disease
