Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NRSG 344 - Nursing of the Family > Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Nursing Mental Health flashcards Nursing Management of Care flashcards NCLEX-PN® flashcards NCLEX-RN® flashcards Nursing Fundamentals flashcards Nursing Pediatrics flashcards Nursing Safety & Infection flashcards Nursing Pharmacology flashcards Nursing Maternity flashcards Family Nurse Practitioner (FNP) flashcards
1
Q

Pathological FHR decels share which common theme?

A

Disruption of normal pathway of O2 from environment to fetus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Principles of Fetal Monitoring

A
  1. Maternal vital signs (Physiologic basis for FHR)
  2. Oxygenation of maternal-fetal unit (Adequate oxygenation of mom = fetal tolerance of labor)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many arteries and veins comprise the umbilical cord?

A

2 fetal arteries, 1 vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which leads to the heart in the fetus: Artery or Vein?

A

Vein

Artery means “away”: Arteries carry oxygen from the heart through the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What serves as the fetal lung?

A

Placenta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

A hole btwn the atria that allows oxygen-rich blood to flow directly to the left atrium, down to the left ventricle, and out the aorta to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Ductus Arteriosus

A

Allows blood to bypass the lungs by going directly from right atrium to right ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Normal fetal hematocrit level

A

15g/dL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Definition of Hypoxemia

A

Decreased oxygen content in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Definition of Hypoxia

A

Decreased level of oxygen in tissue (r/t asphyxia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Definition of Acidemia

A

Increased hydrogen ions in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Definition of Acidosis

A

Increased hydrogen ions in tissue (r/t asphyxia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Definition of Asphyxia

A

Hypoxia with metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

2 Point of Contact for External Fetal Monitoring

A
  1. Tocotransducer
    -> To monitor uterine contractions
    -> Placed on fundus
  2. Ultrasound transducer (FHR)
    -> Placed lower down, by pelvic bone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Definition of Electronic Fetal Monitoring

A

Electronic method of providing a continuous visual record of the FHR and uterine activity

Information is recorded on graph paper or in archiving database system

Information is permanent part of the maternal medical record

Information is retrievable for litigation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How may bpm are counted between each vertical line on tracing paper?

A

10 bpm

17
Q

How many seconds are counted btwn the vertical bold lines on tracing paper?

A

60 seconds

18
Q

Definition of a normal HR in fetus

A

110-160 bpm

19
Q

Definition of Tachycardia in fetus

A

Above 160 bpm for 10+ minutes

20
Q

Definition of Bradycardia in fetus

A

Below 110 bpm for 10+ minutes

21
Q

Baseline FHR

A

Rate in the absence of contractions or periodic changes

Approximate average FHR rounded to increments of 5 bpm during a 10 minute segment

Need 2 minute minimum within those 10 minutes

22
Q

Causes of Tachycardia in FHR: Fetal Conditions

A
  • Hypoxemia
  • Anemia
  • Sepsis
  • Prematurity
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias
  • Congenital anomalies
23
Q

Causes of Tachycardia in FHR: Maternal Conditions

A
  • Fever
  • Dehydration
  • Sepsis
  • Anxiety
  • Thyroid disease
  • Drug use
24
Q

Causes of Bradycardia in FHR

A
  • Maternal position (baby is laying on cord)
  • Maternal hypotension
  • Response to drug administration
  • Prolonged maternal hypoglycemia
25
Q

Definition of Variability

A
  • The normal changes and fluctuations in the FHR over a period of time
  • Significant indicator of fetal well being
  • Sensitive to hypoxia and acidosis
  • SHOULD BE WHAT YOU ASSESS FIRST
26
Q

Levels of Variability

A

Marked: > 25 bpm range
Moderate: 6-25 bpm range
Minimal: ≤ 5 bpm range
Absent: undetectable range

27
Q

Reasons for Minimal Variability

A
  • Hypoxia/acidosis
  • Drug effects
  • Fetal sleeping
  • Congenital anomalies
  • Extreme prematurity
  • Fetal tachycardia
  • Other cardiac dysrhythmias
28
Q

Reasons for Marked Variability

A
  • Increased fetal movement
  • Hypoxia
  • Vaginal exam/Fetal stimulation
  • Second stage/Pushing
29
Q

What is an Acceleration?

A

Abrupt rises in FHR

Most common type of FHR changes

These are REASSURING!!

30
Q

What is considered an acceleration?

A

At ≥ 32 weeks: 15 or more bpm above baseline for 15 seconds or more, but less than 2 minutes

Before 32 weeks: shorter height and duration
10 x 10

31
Q

What is the chemical trigger for early decels? NCLEX

A

Baroreceptors and chemoreceptors

32
Q

Early decels

A

Onset to nadir ≥ 30 seconds
Start to lowest point takes ≥ 30 seconds

Decrease and return to baseline FHR associated with uterine contractions

Generally seen with first stage of labor

Nadir of decels occur at same time as peak of uterine contraction
Duration is < 2 minutes

33
Q

Mechanism of Early Decels

A
  • Pressure on the fetal fontanel
  • Increased intracranial pressure
  • Dilation is often ~ 4 cm
34
Q

What is the chemical trigger for Variable Decels? NCLEX

A

Baroreceptors

35
Q

Variable Decels

A
  • Abrupt decrease (onset to nadir < 30 seconds)
  • Return to baseline FHR may or may not be associated with uterine contractions
  • “Variable” onset

Qualifiers:
- Decrease of the FHR ≥ 15 bpm from baseline
- Duration ≥ 15 seconds
- Duration less than 2 minutes

  • High BP within circulation drops HR

NRSG 344 - Nursing of the Family (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions