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traditional chinese medicine > Lecture 3: > Flashcards

Lecture 3: Flashcards

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Chinese (Mandarin) flashcards
1
Q

What are pattern differentiations in TCM?

A
  • rather than a symptom or diagnosis, TCM looks at the whole picture of the patient to determine a pattern that could then be treated.
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2
Q

what are the 9 pattern differentiations?

A
  1. the 8 principles.
  2. the 5 elements.
  3. the vital substances.
  4. the zang-fu organs.
  5. pathogenic factors.
  6. the 6 stages.
  7. the 4 levels.
  8. 3 Jiao (burners).
  9. the meridians.
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3
Q

what do the 8 principles include?

A
  • ying-yang, heat-cold, internal-external, excess-deficieny.
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4
Q

what do the 5 elements include?

A
  • wood, earth, fire, water, metal.
  • and their sequences
  • generating, controlling, insulting.
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5
Q

what do the vital substances include?

A
  • QI, blood, body fluids and essence.
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6
Q

what do the zang-fu organs include?

A
  • 5 yin organs, 6 yin organs and 6 extraordinary organs.
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7
Q

what are the pathogenic factors?

A
  • wind.
  • cold/heat,
    -dampness.
  • dryness
  • summer/heat.
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8
Q

what are the 6 stages?

A

tai yang
yang ming
shao yang
tai yin
shao yin
jeu yin

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9
Q

what are the 4 levels?

A

wei
Qi
ying
blood

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10
Q

what are the 3 levels (burners)

A

upper
middle
lower.

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11
Q

What does the exterior principle compromise?

A
  • exterior compromises the skin, muscles and channels.
  • the space between the skin and muscles where Wei Qi and sweat are located and are first invaded by external pathogenic factors.
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12
Q

what are patterns of exterior principle?

A
  • aversion to cold (fever), aching body, stiff neck and a floating pulse.
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13
Q

what is the interior principle?

A
  • when the internal organs are affected.
  • may have arisen from an exterior pathogenic factor, but once the disease penetrates into the interior it is defined as the interior.
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14
Q

how do we treat the interior?

A
  • treating the internal organ patterns.
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15
Q

what is the heat principle?

A
  • feeling hot/fever.
  • sweating.
  • thirst.
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16
Q

what is empty vs full heat?

A
  • all dependent on if it is a manifestation of excess of yang or if yang is relatively in excess
17
Q

Outline the characteristics of full heat;

A
  • the whole face is red.
  • have the desire to drink cold water.
  • red all over the inside eyelid.
  • bitter taste.
  • feeling of heat all day long.
  • high fever.
  • very restless and agitated.
  • constipation and abdominal pain.
  • profuse bleeding.
  • dream disturbed sleep and very restless.
  • red painful skin eruptions.
  • pulse is full-rapid and overflowing.
  • tongue is red with a yellow coating.
  • treatment is clear heat.
18
Q

outline the characteristics of empty heat;

A
  • face has a malar flush.
  • they have desire to drink in small sips.
  • they have thin red line inside eyelid.
  • no bitter taste.
  • they have feeling of heat in afternoon or evening.
  • low grade fever in the afternoon.
  • their mind is vague anxiety and fidgeting.
  • dry stools with no abdominal pain.
  • slight bleeding.
  • waking up frequently during night or early morning.
  • their skin eruptions a scarlet-red, and painless.
  • their pulse is floating-empty and rapid.
  • their tongue is red and peeled.
  • we heal by nourishing yin and clearing empty heat.
19
Q

what is the cold principle?

A
  • the feeling of cold.
  • cold limbs.
  • the absence of thirst.
  • full or empty cold.
20
Q

outline full-cold.

A
  • face is bright white.
  • pain I sharp and worse on pressure.
  • bowels feel better after a bowel movement.
  • pulse is full-tight and deep.
  • tongue has a thick white coating
21
Q

outline empty cold;

A
  • face is dull-white.
  • pain is dull and better with pressure.
  • bowel are worse after a bowel movement.
  • pulse is weak-slow-deep.
  • the tongue has a thin white coating.
22
Q

what is the excess principle?

A
  • characterized by the presence of a pathogenic factor while upright Qi is relatively intact and actively fighting against the pathogenic factor.
  • pain is worse with pressure.
  • pain that is acute is onset.
  • irritability and restlessness.
  • strong voice.
23
Q

what is the deficiency principle?

A
  • characterized by the emptiness of upright Qi and the absence of a pathogenic factor.
  • Empty Qi: pale face, weak voice, slight sweating, slight shortness of breath, fatigue, loose stools, poor appetite.
  • empty yang; bright pale face, cold limbs, absence of thirst, desire for hot drinks, frequent pale urination.
  • empty yin: heat in the afternoon, dry throat at night, night sweats.
  • empty blood; dull-pale face, pale lips, dry hair, blurred vision, tiredness, poor memory, insomnia and scanty periods.
24
Q

what are the causes of disease?

A
  • the disease can be caused by internal and external factors.
  • external factors are thought of as pathogens that attack the body from the outside.
  • internal factors are often from stress and emotional problems that can damage individual organ systems, and from organ impairment which leads to a lack of functioning.
  • organ impairment can be caused by diet, drugs, alcohol, medication, overwork, emotional factors or external pathogens that penetrate into the interior and begin to damage organ systems.
25
Q

what is the wind pathogenic factor?

A
  • yang in nature.
  • usually used as a source for other factors to enter.
  • arises quickly and changes rapidly.
  • moves around.
  • lungs are affected first (external wind).
  • liver affected by internal wind.
  • causes tremors or convulsions, stiffness and paralysis.
26
Q

what happens when wind invades the muscles and channels?

A
  • we get stiffness, rigidity, and contraction of the muscles with sudden onset.
27
Q

what happens when wind invades the joints?

A
  • we get pain that moves from joint to joint, especially in the upper part of the body.
28
Q

what is cold wind?

A
  • aversion to cold and wind.
  • chills.
  • sneezing.
  • cough white discharge.
  • runny nose with white discharge.
  • body stiffness and aches.
  • pulses; maybe floating, but often no change from normal.
  • tongue; no change from normal.
29
Q

what is wind heat?

A
  • aversion to wind and heat.
  • fever.
  • sneezing.
  • cough with yellow discharge.
  • runny nose with yellow mucous.
  • itchy and or sore throat.
  • swollen tonsils, red back of the throat.
  • pulses; maybe superficial, but usually no charge.
  • tongue; no change from normal.
30
Q

what is internal wind?

A
  • tremors, tics.
  • itchy; lung involved as well because of skin.
  • severe dizziness and vertigo.
  • severe cases of convulsions, unconsciousness, and hemiplegia.
  • deviation of mouth/tongue.
31
Q

what is cold?

A
  • injures yang
  • contracts and congeals
  • cause clear discharge.
32
Q

What are the characteristics of cold?

A
  • sleepiness.
  • severe localized pain improved by heat- excess and deficiency.
  • white tongue coating and body discharges.
  • slow pulse.
  • craves warmth, aversion to cold, feels cold.
  • pale complexion.
  • lack of thirst.
  • loose stools.
  • clear and profuse urine. not heat.
  • day or night (and at night too much depending on age).
33
Q

what is heat?

A
  • yang in nature.
  • blazes upwards.
  • drying; damages blood and yin.
  • may cause bleeding.
  • potential to generate wind when severe.
  • affects the mind.
34
Q

what are the characteristics of heat?

A
  • high fever, desires cold, aversion to heat, heat sensation.
  • redness- skin, face, eyes and complexion.
  • thirst.
  • constipation (complicated) or foul-smelling diarrhea; foul-smelling discharge.
  • scanty dark yellow urine.
  • bleeding symptoms are; cough, vomit, nose, gums, urine, stool, and skin.
  • rapid anything; including pulse, and breathing rate.
  • yellow tongue coating (full-heat) and other body discharges, red tongue body.
35
Q

what is dampness?

A
  • excess of yin.
  • from damp environments; clothes, living, wading, diet.
  • lack of movement.
  • sticky and difficult to get rid of.
  • HEAVY and SLOW
36
Q

What are the characteristics of dampness?

A
  • the feeling of heaviness, pain or anything worse with dampness.
  • anything swollen or oozing.
  • no appetite, bloating, made worse with food.
  • cloudiness of discharges.
  • pulse; slippery.
  • tongue; sticky coat and or a fat swollen tongue.
37
Q

what is dryness?

A
  • from very dry or hot weather, internal heat, dry warming foods and/or herbs, lack of fluid intake, not enough fruits/veggies, salty processed food.
  • all symptoms are dry.
  • internal dryness is a form of yin deficiency without heat signs or symptoms.
  • can result from the heat too.
38
Q

what is summer heat?

A
  • yang in nature.
  • only in the summer.
  • like a heat stroke.
  • combo of heat and damp.
  • usually only encounter in 1st aid situation.

traditional chinese medicine (6 decks)

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