Lecture 3: Flashcards
1
Q
What are pattern differentiations in TCM?
A
- rather than a symptom or diagnosis, TCM looks at the whole picture of the patient to determine a pattern that could then be treated.
2
Q
what are the 9 pattern differentiations?
A
- the 8 principles.
- the 5 elements.
- the vital substances.
- the zang-fu organs.
- pathogenic factors.
- the 6 stages.
- the 4 levels.
- 3 Jiao (burners).
- the meridians.
3
Q
what do the 8 principles include?
A
- ying-yang, heat-cold, internal-external, excess-deficieny.
4
Q
what do the 5 elements include?
A
- wood, earth, fire, water, metal.
- and their sequences
- generating, controlling, insulting.
5
Q
what do the vital substances include?
A
- QI, blood, body fluids and essence.
6
Q
what do the zang-fu organs include?
A
- 5 yin organs, 6 yin organs and 6 extraordinary organs.
7
Q
what are the pathogenic factors?
A
- wind.
- cold/heat,
-dampness. - dryness
- summer/heat.
8
Q
what are the 6 stages?
A
tai yang
yang ming
shao yang
tai yin
shao yin
jeu yin
9
Q
what are the 4 levels?
A
wei
Qi
ying
blood
10
Q
what are the 3 levels (burners)
A
upper
middle
lower.
11
Q
What does the exterior principle compromise?
A
- exterior compromises the skin, muscles and channels.
- the space between the skin and muscles where Wei Qi and sweat are located and are first invaded by external pathogenic factors.
12
Q
what are patterns of exterior principle?
A
- aversion to cold (fever), aching body, stiff neck and a floating pulse.
13
Q
what is the interior principle?
A
- when the internal organs are affected.
- may have arisen from an exterior pathogenic factor, but once the disease penetrates into the interior it is defined as the interior.
14
Q
how do we treat the interior?
A
- treating the internal organ patterns.
15
Q
what is the heat principle?
A
- feeling hot/fever.
- sweating.
- thirst.
16
Q
what is empty vs full heat?
A
- all dependent on if it is a manifestation of excess of yang or if yang is relatively in excess
17
Q
Outline the characteristics of full heat;
A
- the whole face is red.
- have the desire to drink cold water.
- red all over the inside eyelid.
- bitter taste.
- feeling of heat all day long.
- high fever.
- very restless and agitated.
- constipation and abdominal pain.
- profuse bleeding.
- dream disturbed sleep and very restless.
- red painful skin eruptions.
- pulse is full-rapid and overflowing.
- tongue is red with a yellow coating.
- treatment is clear heat.
18
Q
outline the characteristics of empty heat;
A
- face has a malar flush.
- they have desire to drink in small sips.
- they have thin red line inside eyelid.
- no bitter taste.
- they have feeling of heat in afternoon or evening.
- low grade fever in the afternoon.
- their mind is vague anxiety and fidgeting.
- dry stools with no abdominal pain.
- slight bleeding.
- waking up frequently during night or early morning.
- their skin eruptions a scarlet-red, and painless.
- their pulse is floating-empty and rapid.
- their tongue is red and peeled.
- we heal by nourishing yin and clearing empty heat.
19
Q
what is the cold principle?
A
- the feeling of cold.
- cold limbs.
- the absence of thirst.
- full or empty cold.
20
Q
outline full-cold.
A
- face is bright white.
- pain I sharp and worse on pressure.
- bowels feel better after a bowel movement.
- pulse is full-tight and deep.
- tongue has a thick white coating
21
Q
outline empty cold;
A
- face is dull-white.
- pain is dull and better with pressure.
- bowel are worse after a bowel movement.
- pulse is weak-slow-deep.
- the tongue has a thin white coating.
22
Q
what is the excess principle?
A
- characterized by the presence of a pathogenic factor while upright Qi is relatively intact and actively fighting against the pathogenic factor.
- pain is worse with pressure.
- pain that is acute is onset.
- irritability and restlessness.
- strong voice.
23
Q
what is the deficiency principle?
A
- characterized by the emptiness of upright Qi and the absence of a pathogenic factor.
- Empty Qi: pale face, weak voice, slight sweating, slight shortness of breath, fatigue, loose stools, poor appetite.
- empty yang; bright pale face, cold limbs, absence of thirst, desire for hot drinks, frequent pale urination.
- empty yin: heat in the afternoon, dry throat at night, night sweats.
- empty blood; dull-pale face, pale lips, dry hair, blurred vision, tiredness, poor memory, insomnia and scanty periods.
24
Q
what are the causes of disease?
A
- the disease can be caused by internal and external factors.
- external factors are thought of as pathogens that attack the body from the outside.
- internal factors are often from stress and emotional problems that can damage individual organ systems, and from organ impairment which leads to a lack of functioning.
- organ impairment can be caused by diet, drugs, alcohol, medication, overwork, emotional factors or external pathogens that penetrate into the interior and begin to damage organ systems.
25
Q
what is the wind pathogenic factor?
A
- yang in nature.
- usually used as a source for other factors to enter.
- arises quickly and changes rapidly.
- moves around.
- lungs are affected first (external wind).
- liver affected by internal wind.
- causes tremors or convulsions, stiffness and paralysis.
26
Q
what happens when wind invades the muscles and channels?
A
- we get stiffness, rigidity, and contraction of the muscles with sudden onset.
27
Q
what happens when wind invades the joints?
A
- we get pain that moves from joint to joint, especially in the upper part of the body.
28
Q
what is cold wind?
A
- aversion to cold and wind.
- chills.
- sneezing.
- cough white discharge.
- runny nose with white discharge.
- body stiffness and aches.
- pulses; maybe floating, but often no change from normal.
- tongue; no change from normal.
29
Q
what is wind heat?
A
- aversion to wind and heat.
- fever.
- sneezing.
- cough with yellow discharge.
- runny nose with yellow mucous.
- itchy and or sore throat.
- swollen tonsils, red back of the throat.
- pulses; maybe superficial, but usually no charge.
- tongue; no change from normal.
30
Q
what is internal wind?
A
- tremors, tics.
- itchy; lung involved as well because of skin.
- severe dizziness and vertigo.
- severe cases of convulsions, unconsciousness, and hemiplegia.
- deviation of mouth/tongue.
31
Q
what is cold?
A
- injures yang
- contracts and congeals
- cause clear discharge.
32
Q
What are the characteristics of cold?
A
- sleepiness.
- severe localized pain improved by heat- excess and deficiency.
- white tongue coating and body discharges.
- slow pulse.
- craves warmth, aversion to cold, feels cold.
- pale complexion.
- lack of thirst.
- loose stools.
- clear and profuse urine. not heat.
- day or night (and at night too much depending on age).
33
Q
what is heat?
A
- yang in nature.
- blazes upwards.
- drying; damages blood and yin.
- may cause bleeding.
- potential to generate wind when severe.
- affects the mind.
34
Q
what are the characteristics of heat?
A
- high fever, desires cold, aversion to heat, heat sensation.
- redness- skin, face, eyes and complexion.
- thirst.
- constipation (complicated) or foul-smelling diarrhea; foul-smelling discharge.
- scanty dark yellow urine.
- bleeding symptoms are; cough, vomit, nose, gums, urine, stool, and skin.
- rapid anything; including pulse, and breathing rate.
- yellow tongue coating (full-heat) and other body discharges, red tongue body.
35
Q
what is dampness?
A
- excess of yin.
- from damp environments; clothes, living, wading, diet.
- lack of movement.
- sticky and difficult to get rid of.
- HEAVY and SLOW
36
Q
What are the characteristics of dampness?
A
- the feeling of heaviness, pain or anything worse with dampness.
- anything swollen or oozing.
- no appetite, bloating, made worse with food.
- cloudiness of discharges.
- pulse; slippery.
- tongue; sticky coat and or a fat swollen tongue.
37
Q
what is dryness?
A
- from very dry or hot weather, internal heat, dry warming foods and/or herbs, lack of fluid intake, not enough fruits/veggies, salty processed food.
- all symptoms are dry.
- internal dryness is a form of yin deficiency without heat signs or symptoms.
- can result from the heat too.
38
Q
what is summer heat?
A
- yang in nature.
- only in the summer.
- like a heat stroke.
- combo of heat and damp.
- usually only encounter in 1st aid situation.
