Lecture 3

Question 1

When was the earliest record of hexapods?

Answer 1

400 million years ago (Collembola or known as springtails)

Question 2

Entomology History

Answer 2

B) 1-2 million years ago early record of human
C) 10,000 years ago (8000 BC) we cultivate crops (competition with insects)
D) 7000 BC honey is fermented and we make honey wine
E) 4000 BC biblical mention of lord of flies and plague of locusts in Egypt. Scarab beetles worshipped
F) 3000 BC Bees kept for honey and wax in china
G) 3000 BC silkworms harvested for silk in china by Xi Ling Shi, secret till 300 AD

Question 3

More History

Answer 3

H) 2500 BC First insecticide used with Sumerians and sulfur
I) 400 BC-322 BC Aristotle began studying bio/zoology
J) 200 BC Romans used oil sprays for pest
K) 300 AD is 1st record of biological control (bamboo bridges)
L) 500 AD-1500 AD Middle ages where insects were believed to be powerful (fly=devil)
M) Aton van Leeuwenhoek (Holland) used microscope in 1600-1700
N) 1758 was the publication of Systema Natura by Carolis Linnaeus. Insects classified by wings

Question 4

Even more History

Answer 4

O) 1808, Discovery of botanical insecticide, pyrethrum
P) 1859 Charles darwin published origin of species. Theory of evolution (alfred wallace)
R) 1888-1890 Riverside biological control
S)1881-1906 malaria and yellow fever controlled and Panama canal was completed. Pyrethrum, sulfure and oil used to control mosquitos(larava flush)

Question 5

Chinese Civilization

Answer 5

• 4700 BC was when silkworms were cultivated
• They had good understanding of food webs, feedback mechanisms and population control, and interest of insects
• B/c they appreciated ecosystem so much, they are responsible for earliest biological control
• They used bamboo bridges for ants to control beetle and caterpillar

Question 6

Carolus Linneaus

Answer 6

Born 1707, wrote Systema Naturae. Talked about species, biological species concept, sexual reproduction.

• Binomial nomenclature, 4400 animal species and 7700 plant species
• Somone named Alfred Wallace also proposed evolution around same time

Question 7

Charles Valentine Riley

Answer 7

Was the state entomologist in Missouri. Wrote Prairie Farmer where insect control was based. Father of US entomology

Question 8

Complicated History

Answer 8

1889- CV Riley founded the AAEE
1906- The ESA was formed to broaden scope
1937- Paul Muller developed DDT
1940s- Synthetic organic insecticides developed
1956- AAEE and ESA both merged
1959- 4 entomologists from UC outlined integrated control (focused on keeping natural enemies conserved)
1959- Integrated Pest Managment formed b/c insecticide resistance and toxic accumulation
1962- Rachel Carson write the silent spring (no birds hatching due to pesticides misuse)
1989-ESA history published