Lab 2 Flashcards
Phylum: Annelida
Known as segmented worms
-Earthworms, leeches, polychaetes
Phylum: Tardigrada
Known as water bears
-Examples of Extremophiles
Phylum: Onychophora
Known as Velvet worms
-Sprays two streaks of liquid
What does the phylum: arthropoda mean?
Segmented legs
Subphylums of Anthropoda
Crustacea-: cray fish, pill bug, crab, shrimp, etc
Chelicerata: Spiders, scorpions, mites, horseshoe crabs
Myriapoda: Has 4 classes
What are the two body parts of Anthropoda?
Abdomen and cephalothorax
What are the sub phylum of Myriapoda?
- Class Symphyla (garden centipede)
- Class Pauropoda
- Class Diplopoda (millipedes)
- Class Chilopoda (centipedes)
How many orders in the class insecta?
27
Order Protura (first tail)
Key Characters: “Cone Heads.”
No compound eyes, no antennae, no wings, few/no trachea, entognathus, piercing-sucking mouthparts. Small and whiteish.
Scrape food, mix with saliva, suck up.
Molt 3 times. Nymph begins with 9 abdominal segments.
Add one segment each molt = Anamorphosis.
-Unique to Hexapoda. Adult 12 segments.
1. Live in moist soil or humis, leaf
mold, under bark, decaying logs…
2. Eat decaying matter = detritivore
3. First pair of legs are sensory, held
elevated like antennae.
Order Diplura (Two tail)
Small size, whitish color Key Characters: Pair of caudal filaments = cerci, entognathus, chewing mouthparts, moniliform antennae, no eyes. Soil and leaf litter dwelling • Herbivores and carnivores • Some with maternal care • Indirect sperm transfer 1. Live in moist soil or humis, leaf mold, under bark, decaying logs… 2. Eat decaying matter =detritivore Small arthropods = predaceous 3. Males - stalked spermatophores. 4. 1000 species
Order Collembola (Springtails)
Oldest known fossils are in this group = 400 mya Collophore = important for fluid balence Springtail=to jump Small, 6 abdominal segments. 1-8ocelli, no compound eyes. Have antennae 1. Live in moist soil or humus, leaf mold, under bark, decaying logs… 2. Eat fungi =Fungivore Some eat plants =Herbavore Also detritus = Detritivore 3. Males - spermatophores placed in love gardens or sperm rings. 4. Can reach very high numbers. “Snow fleas” feed on algae and fungi under snow. Colors snow. *spermatophores
Collophore (ex. on springtail)
Hook on to each other and springs springtail in the air
Class: Insecta, subclass: Apterygota, Order: Archaeognatha (bristletails)
1. Three tail-like appendages (2 cerci and 1 caudal filament). Cerci shorter than filament jaw Mandibles with single condyle - ancient 2. Compound eyes large 3. Body cylindrical (humpbacked) 4. Long maxillary palp
Class: Insecta, subclass: Apterygota, Order: Zygentoma (silverfish, firebrats)
- Three tail-like appendages (2 cerci same length as caudal filament)
- Silver, glittery scales.
- Compound eyes small and
widely separated - Body flattened
Detrivores
Bristletail vs Silverfish (two different order)
Class: Insecta, Subclass: Pterygota, Order Ephemeroptera (mayflies)
Description (Adults) 1. Large triangular forewing, small rounded hindwing. 2. Cannot fold wings… held “upright” when at rest. 3. Three thread-like caudal “tails” (rarely two) Caudal “tails”= 2 cerci, 1 caudal filament 4. Mouthparts vestigial = “lost”. A2. Description (Immatures =Naiads 1. Aquatic, with leaf like abdominal gills 2. Three caudal tails 3. Chewing mouthparts. *Only order of insect to molt after developing functional wings. Naiad molts to subimago (pre-adult stage) Adults live for few hours to few days. Do not feed… mate and lay eggs. Mating swarms. Piles 4-5 feet high. Traffic problems on roads & bridges. Important as fish food. Sensitive to pollution = indicator species.
Class: Insecta, Subclass: Pterygota, Order Odonata
1. Wings large, membrane, broad at base, do not fold. Hind wings similar in size to front. 2. Wings held perpendicular to body when at rest. 3. Stout body, strong flyers. 4. Large compound eyes. 5. Chewing mouthparts. 6. Cerci (claspers) on males. A2. Description (Naiads) 1. Dragonfly: robust body, internal rectal gills. 2. Damselfly: slender body, 3 external caudal gills 3. “Teeth” on labium to impale prey. *Mating wheel -Family Aeshnidae (darners)- Same shape triangles Family Libellulidae (skimmers)- Different shape triangles
Dichotomous keys
-Tools for identification, consisting of a series
of choices to get to the correct name
-uses couplets
How are proturans different from diplurans?
Proturans means first tails and Diplurans means two tails. Proturans have no anntennea and diplurans do.
Individuals of which order can do spectacular somersaults?
Springtails, collembola?
Which two orders are aquatic when immature?
Ephemoroptera and Odonata
Which 5 orders/classes have no wings (Apterygota)?
Collembola, Protura, Diplura, Archeognatha and Zygentoma
Which orders we covered today have the most agile fliers?
Dragonflies and damselflies, Odonata
How are Ephemeroptera different from Odonata?
Hind wings size. Ephemerooptera has small hind wing compared to front wing. Odonata has front and hind wing as same size. Ephemeroptera molts its wings even in adult stage and odonata has wings perpendicular to the body.
Which is the only order of insects with a subadult (immature) that can fly?
Ephemeroptera- (subimago)
Which order has diagnostically long maxillary palps?
Order: Archaeognatha or bristle tails (cerci shorter than filament)
How are the mouthparts of Protura, Diplura, and Collembola different from
those of true insects?
The first three are considered entognaths(inside) and the true insects are ectognaths(outside)
Did the first insects on earth have wings? Why?
No becuase we learned hypothesises that are about how insects evolved wings.
Where might you find each of the following: Protura, Diplura, Collembola,
Thysanura, Ephemeroptera adult, Odonata adult, any naiad?
Protura- moist soil
Diplura- soil, leaf litter
Collembola- in soil, decay, mold
Thysanura- used to be fold wings/ not able to fold wings
Emphemeroptera adult- Naiad is aquatic and adult is terrestrial
Odonata adult- Naiad is aquatic and adult is terrestrial/aquatic
Which subphylum is most closely related to Hexapoda?
Myriapods
