lecture 2a

Question 1

innate lymphocytes: ,
adaptative T lymphocytes:,

Answer 1

cytotoxic ILC (5-25% of blood lymphocytes)
helper ILC(0.1%, mostly tissue resident)
cytotoxic CD8+ T cell (5-30%)
helper CD4+ T cell (25-60%)

Question 2

differences between cytotoxic ILC and cytotoxic T cell: _
similarity:_

Answer 2

diff:
ILC: no antigen-specific receptor
T cell: antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)
ILC: activated by environmental factors (cytokines) or membrane-bound molecules (stress-induced)
T cell: Activated by MHC-I antigen presentation
_
similarity: cytotoxic activity

Question 3

differences between helper ILC and helper T cell: _
similarity:_

Answer 3

diff:
ILC: no antigen-specific receptor
T cell: antigen-specific T cell receptor (TCR)
ILC: activated by environmental factors (cytokines, lipids)
T cell: activated by MHC-II presentation
similarity: cytokines

Question 4

which Innate lymphoid cells fight viruses, intracellular bacteria and tumor cells?

Answer 4

NK cells and ILC1

Question 5

Which innate lymphoid cells fight protozoa?

Answer 5

ILC2

Question 6

Which innate lymphoid cells fight bacteria and fungi?

Answer 6

ILC3

Question 7

Which innate cells help form lymph nodes

Answer 7

Lti

Question 8

ILC =

Answer 8

Innate Lymphoid Cell

Question 9

Lti cell =

Answer 9

Lymphoid tissue inducer cell

Question 10

what can type I interferons do:

Answer 10

resistance to viral replication
increase MHC-I expression
increase antigen presentation in all cells
activate dendritic cells and macrophages
activate NK cells to kill virus-infected cells

Question 11

MHC I is
required for the
activation of
_

Answer 11

cytotoxic CD8+ T cells
and NK cells

Question 12

_
cells express
MHC I

Answer 12

All nucleated

Question 13

NK cell inhibition
by MHC I is
_
independent !

Answer 13

peptide/antigen

Question 14

NK cells modes of action:
1._

Answer 14

1. direct killing: Release of granules containing perforin and granzyme
2. Indirect killing:
   - Type II Interferon (IFNg) production by NK cells → activate macrophages which:
   * increased phagocytic activity
   * upregulation MHCI/II
   * production IL-12/IL-15

Question 15

Individuals born with a genetic defect to develop NK cells
mostly suffer from _

Answer 15

herpes virus infections

Question 16

ILC1: Activated by _ like IL-12, IL-15, and IL-18 from _, _, or _ in response to _ or _ infections. They then produce _ and _, leading to _ activation, the production of _, and _ responses.

Answer 16

cytokines
dendritic cells (DCs)
macrophages
tissue epithelial cells
viral
intracellular bacterial
IFNγ
TNFα
macrophage
reactive oxygen species
cytotoxic

Question 17

ILC2: Triggered by _ such as IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP in response to _ infections. ILC2 cells produce _, which promote _ production, alternative _ activation, _ repair, _, and _.

Answer 17

cytokines
helminths or protozoan
IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13
mucus
macrophage
tissue
vasodilation
thermoregulation

Question 18

ILC3: Stimulated by _ and _ during _ and _ infections. They produce _ and _, supporting functions such as _, the secretion of _, and _ survival.

Answer 18

IL-1β
IL-23
bacterial
fungal
IL-17
IL-22
phagocytosis
antimicrobial peptides
epithelial cell

Question 19

IL-22 produced by _ have an important role in
_

Answer 19

ILC3
regulating tissue repair in the intestine

Question 20

Adverse effects of ILC3:

Answer 20

chronic inflammation in lungs and skin.
promote tumor growth and tissue inflammation.

Question 21

if excessive or poorly regulated IFN-γ _

Answer 21

causes inflammation and tissue damage