3b

Question 1

_ cells target viruses and cancer cells, indicated by an interaction with _.

Answer 1

Tcyt
NK cells

Question 2

_ cells produce interferon gamma (IFN-γ) to activate _ against endosomal pathogens.

Answer 2

Th1
macrophages

Question 3

_ cells release interleukins (IL-4/5, IL-9/13) affecting _ against multicellular parasites.

Answer 3

Th2
eosinophils and B cells

Question 4

_ cells secrete IL-17 and IL-22 to engage _ in response to bacteria and fungi.

Answer 4

Th17 and Th22
neutrophils

Question 5

Tcyt cells target _, indicated by an interaction with NK cells.
Th1 cells produce _ to activate macrophages against endosomal pathogens.
Th2 cells release _ affecting eosinophils and B cells against multicellular parasites.
Th17 cells secrete _ to engage neutrophils in response to bacteria and fungi.
follicular t helper cells

Answer 5

viruses and cancer cells
interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)
interleukins (IL-4/5, IL-9/13)
IL-17 and IL-22

Question 6

Dendritic Cells (DC): _ (iDC) _ into specific forms (mDC) tailored to _

Answer 6

immature dendritic cells
_
mature
_
activate distinct T cell responses (Thn → Th1, Th2, Th17).

Question 7

Dendritic cells are located in:
_

Answer 7

• epithelia
• connective tissues
• immune tissue

Question 8

Lymph nodes, which are small structures that _ and store _

Answer 8

filter lymph fluid
white blood cells

Question 9

Dendritic cells are positioned in _

Answer 9

proximity to lymph nodes

Question 10

structures of the lymph node: the _, _ (where lymph enters the node), and _ (areas within the lymph node where immune responses are coordinated).

Answer 10

capsule (le contour)
afferent lymph vessel
follicles

Question 11

structures of the lymph node, including the capsule, afferent lymph vessel (where ), and follicles ().

Answer 11

lymph enters the node
_
areas within the lymph node where immune responses are coordinated

Question 12

T cells are concentrated within the _

Answer 12

follicles

Question 13

dendritic cells (DC) enter the lymph node via _ coming from _

Answer 13

the afferent lymph vessel
peripheral tissues

Question 14

T cells enter the lymph node from the _ via _.

Answer 14

bloodstream
high endothelial venules (HEVs)

Question 15

what are high endothelial venules (HEVs)?

Answer 15

These are specialized vessels that allow T cells to directly enter the lymph node.

Question 16

Interaction between Dendritic Cells and T Cells: Dendritic cells present antigens to T cells in the _, which is crucial for T cell _.

Answer 16

paracortex area of the lymph node
activation

Question 17

Non-Activated T Cells: T cells that are not activated by an _ exit the lymph node via the _, returning to _.

Answer 17

antigen presented by dendritic cells
cortical sinuses
the circulation

Question 18

Once T cells are activated by antigens, they begin to _ and lose the ability to _. Over time, these activated T cells differentiate into _

Answer 18

proliferate
exit through the usual pathways
effector cells.

Question 19

Effector T Cells: Activated effector T cells eventually leave the lymph node via the _ to reach _ and perform _.

Answer 19

efferent lymphatic vessels
affected sites
immune functions

Question 20

T cells are located in the _ regions, which are areas _. _ circulate through these areas, where they encounter antigens presented by the _.

Answer 20

interfollicular
between the lymphoid follicles
Naive T cells
dendritic cells

Question 21

The interfollicular areas, where this meeting takes place, are crucial for the _. These areas allow for _ by providing a space where T cells can readily access _

Answer 21

activation of T cells
efficient surveillance of antigens
the antigen-presenting dendritic cells.

Question 22

When dendritic cells present antigens to _, they _ the _ cells if the antigen is recognized as _. This activation initiates a sequence of events leading to _

Answer 22

naive T cells
_
activate
_
T
_
foreign
_
T cell proliferation and differentiation into effector T cells

Question 23

Naive CD4 T Cell: _

Answer 23

These are unactivated T cells that have not yet encountered their specific antigen.

Question 24

Memory CD4 T Cell: _

Answer 24

These cells have been exposed to antigen and provide a rapid response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 25

Effector CD4 T Cell:

Answer 25

These are fully differentiated cells that actively participate in the immune response by producing specific cytokines.

Question 26

Langerhans cells populate the epidermis from the early developmental stage as a dense network of immune system sentinels. These cells act as the outermost guard of the cutaneous immune system and are likely to induce the first reactions against pathogens encountered via the skin.

Question 27

iDCs undergo maturation stimulated by _

Answer 27

inflammatory cytokines and chemokines

Question 28

Th:

Answer 28

Helper T cells

Question 29

Signal 1:

Answer 29

Antigen recognition.

Question 30

Signal 2: _

Answer 30

Co-stimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation.

Question 31

Signal 3:

Answer 31

Involves cytokines that guide the differentiation of naive T cells into specific subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22).

Question 32

Signal 4:

Answer 32

address, where T cell have to go to

Question 33

The synapse between DC and T cell consists of two main areas:

Answer 33

pSMAC
cSMAC

Question 34

pSMAC: _ includes _ such as LFA-1, ICAM-1, and talin, which are important for cell _ and _.

Answer 34

outer ring
proteins
adhesion
maintaining the stability of the synapse

Question 35

pSMAC=

Answer 35

(Peripheral Supramolecular Activation Cluster)

Question 36

cSMAC: _ containing _ like _, CD4, CD28, and _, which are essential for T cell _ and the subsequent immune response.

Answer 36

Central area
crucial signaling molecules
TCR (T cell receptor)
MHC-peptide complexes
activation

Question 37

cSMAC =

Answer 37

(Central Supramolecular Activation Cluster)

Question 38

_: These receptors on dendritic cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), leading to dendritic cell activation and maturation.

Answer 38

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR)

Question 39

Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR): These receptors on _ recognize _, leading to _ and _.

Answer 39

dendritic cells
_
pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)
_
dendritic cell activation
_
maturation

Question 40

roles of regulatory T cells

Answer 40

TH1, TH2, TH17, and TH22 are detrimental so they need to be shut down
_
prevent unwanted T cell activation (auto-immunity diseases)

Question 41

MHC Class I: Typically presents peptides derived from _, including those from _, to _ cells.
This interaction is stabilized by the _, which also binds to the _.

Answer 41

intracellular proteins
viruses and tumors
CD8+ T
CD8 molecule
MHC class I molecule

Question 42

MHC Class II: Presents peptides derived from _, which are usually captured and processed by cells such as _, to _. The _ on the _ binds to the _, enhancing the interaction.

Answer 42

extracellular proteins
dendritic cells
CD4+ T cells
CD4 molecule
T cell
MHC class II molecule