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primary care > Lecture 2A > Flashcards

Lecture 2A Flashcards

1
Q

How much BW loss is signficiant?

A

5-10% loss unexplained

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2
Q

When is a fever significant?

A

99.5 for over 2 weeks

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3
Q

Dyspnea, Cough, Palpitations, Syncope, Sweats

What system is this?

A

Cardiovascular or pulmonary

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4
Q

Edema, Cold Extremities, Skin Discoloration, Open Wounds, Clubbing of nails, Wheezing

What systems is this?

A

Cardiovascular or pulmonary

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5
Q

Dyspnea, cough, clubbing of nails, wheezing

what system is this?

A

Pulmonary

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6
Q

Exertional Dyspnea, Palpitations, Anginal Pain, Fatigue, Palor, Digital Clubbing, Light Headedness

What system is this?

A

Hematologic system

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7
Q

Syncope, Drowsiness, Confusion, Easy bruising/bleeding, Fever/chill, Malaise

What system is this?

A

Hematologic

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8
Q

Difficulty swallowing

indigestion

heartburn,

Bowel Dysfunction

What system is this?

A

GI system

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9
Q

What does black tarry shiney sticky stool mean?

A

upper GI bleed

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10
Q

What does black but not sticky stool mean?

A

Ingestion of iron/bismuth salts (example: Pepto-bismol)

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11
Q

What does light gray/pale stool mean

A

obstructive jaundice

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12
Q

What does bright blood red stool mean

A

Lower GI bleeding

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13
Q

What are different indicators of a urinary problem?

A

Color

Frequency/urgency/retention

Decreased stream

difficulty initiating stream

incontinence

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14
Q

What does dark urine mean?

Red urine?

Reddish urine?

A

Dark urine- hepatic or billary obstructive/ rhabdomyolosis

Red (blood) - many disorders

Reddish - blood or ingestion of vegetable dyes or use of some meds

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15
Q

Reproductive system symptoms

A

Urethral/vaginal discomfort

sexual dysfunction

pain during intercourse

Number of pregnancies

menopause

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16
Q

Numbness/tingling, weakness, tremors, seizures, vision changes, sexual difficulties, hearing problems

What system is this?

A

Nervous system

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17
Q

Difficulty swallowing, Urinary incontinence, vomiting w/o nausea, dizziness, recent falls, balance problems

what system is this?

A

Nervous system

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18
Q

Fatigue, unexplained weight loss, personality changes, weakness, memory loss, confusion, irritability, anorexia, dysphagia, diarrhea, constipation

what system is this?

A

Endocrine

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19
Q

Impotence, intermimittent urine stream, muscle weakness, cramps, stiffness, numbness, foot ulceration, edema, impaired wound healing, temperature intolerance, visual changes, orthostatic hypertension, increased thirst

What system is this?

A

Endocrine

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20
Q

What are symptoms of a integumentary system problem?

A

Changes in skin, nails, hair

Change in sweating or dryness of skin

Pruritus (itching)

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21
Q

What is the starting point of checking the psychological system of a patient

A

General health checklist:

Fatigue, sleep, confusion, concentration, weightloss

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22
Q

What are the other things to check for the psychological system

A

Major clinical depression

chemical dependence

abuse

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23
Q

What kind of pain is this:

Pain fluctuates over 24 hours
Specific motions or activities make it worse

A

MSK pain

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24
Q

How would you describe 80% of all adverse drug reactions?

A

A magnification of what the drug was meant to do therapeutically

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25
Q

What is the most common cause of joint pain, for which PTs should be primary care providers for?

A

OA

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26
Q

What kind of problem is this?

30+ mins morning stiffness
improvement w/ exercise
no improvement with rest
pain at night
insidious onset
40+ years or older

A

Inflammatory backpain

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27
Q

What kind of problem fits these symptoms?

Males more than Females: 3:1

Autoimmune problems

40+

Rare

Non-joint conditions (IBS and uveitis)

Pain and stiffness increases with rest

decreases w/ activity

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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28
Q

What condition is this?

Common

35-55 y/o

male female ratio 1:1

Potential pain to hip

Pain can vary or decrease with rest

A

Nonspecific LBP

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29
Q

Classification for RA: 4 or more of these in 1 year:

A

Morning stiffness 1+ hours

Arthritis of 3+ joints

Arthritis of hands

Symmetric arthritis

Rheumatic Nodules

Serum Rheumatoid factor

Radiographic changes

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30
Q

What condition is this:

Peak onset 20-50

Females more likely

Family history

Auto immune disorders

Symptoms increase w/ rest and intense activity

symptoms decrease w/ short rest and mild activity

A

Rheumatoid arthritis

31
Q

what condition is this?

Tenderness at affected joints

severe post-rest stiffness

night pain less evident

symptoms vary from mild to severe

A

Also Rheumatoid Arthritis

32
Q

What condition is this:

Onset 15-40

Females more likely, african americans more likely

+ Family History

Caused by infection, UV exposure, or medications

Symptoms increase w/ rest and intense activity

symptoms decrease w/ short rest and mild activity

Tenderness at affected joints

moderate post-rest stiffness

night pain less evident

symptoms vary from mild to severe

A

SLE

33
Q

What condition is this?

Peak onset men in 50s, women in 60s, more common in males

+ family history

more likely w/ renal disorders or leukemia, chemotherapy, hypothyroidism, heavy drinking, diuretic use

Increased symptoms w/ weight bearing

decreased pain at night, but pain still there at night

Symptoms are severe

rapid progression

A

gout

34
Q

What condition has peak onset in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life w/ arthritis followiing up to 20 years later

it has no gender predilection

causes tenderness at affected joints

A

psoriatic arthritis

35
Q

What condition causes Psoriasis, tenderness at joints, moderate post rest stiffness

and symptoms increase w/ rest or intense activity

and decrease with short rest or mild activity

A

psoriatic arthritis

36
Q

What condiiton is more common in men, with an acute peak onset in the 3rd decade of life

veneral or dysenteric disease

moderate to severe post-rest stiffness

not a lot of night pain, symptoms can range from mild to severe

A

Reactive arthritis (reiter’s syndrome)

37
Q

What condition has an abrupt onset with no gender predilection

causes excruciating pain and severe symptoms with rapid progression

A

septic arthritis

38
Q

What condition can be caused by systemic corticosteroid use, DM, infection elsewhere, has night pain, causes severe pain, and presents like gout

increased pain with WB activity

less pain with rest, but pain never goes away

A

Septic arthritis

39
Q

What condition is commonly associated with uveitis (inflammation of the eye)

fatigue, weight loss,, maliase

cardiac/pulmonary complications?

A

anklosing spondylitis

40
Q

What condition is associated with skin rash (malar rash most common

A

SLE

41
Q

what condition is associated with:

Fever, fatigue, malaise, photosensitivity, dyspnea, cough, peripheral neuropathies

A

SLE

42
Q

What disease is associated with severe joint pain, fever, malaise, tachycardia?

A

Gout

43
Q

What condition is associated with feeling itchy, having joint pain, fever, malaise, fatigue

A

Psoriatic arthritis

44
Q

What condition is associated w/ infection-like symptoms w/ joint pain, chills, malaise

A

septic arthritis

45
Q

A patient presents with calf/thigh pain, antalgic gait, difficulty walking

Name 4 conditions that cause limb pain that are not typically managed by PTs

A

Hypothyroidism

Lyme Disease

Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Statin-Induced Myopathy

46
Q

What could cause dizziness or vertigo in children?

A

brain tumor

47
Q

Dizziness vs Vertigo

A

Vertigo - sensation of spinning

Dizziness - impaired spatial perception and stability

48
Q

At what rate does dizziness become more common as you get older

A

10% increase w/ every 5 years in age

49
Q

What should you be most worried about if a patient presents w/ dizziness?

A

serious pathological neck conditions must be ruled out

ex: Verterbral Artery Insufficiency

50
Q

What are the 5 Ds and 3 Ns of Vertebral Artery Insufficency

A

Drop Attack

Dizziness

Dysphagia

Dysarthria

Diplopia

Nausea

Numbness

Nystagmus

+ Cranial Nerve signs

51
Q

Vertebral artery insuffiency is an impending marker for what?

A

an impending CVA

52
Q

What condition could this be:

Occipital Headache and numbness

severe limitation in neck AROM in all directions

signs of cervical myelopathy

A

Upper cervical ligamentous instability

53
Q

What are 5 serious pathological neck conditions?

A

Vertebral Artery Insufficency

Upper Cervical Ligamentous Instability

Cervical Myelopathy

Neoplasm

Inflammatory or systemic disease

54
Q

Vertigo definition

A

Sensation of spinning, caused by asymmetric involvement of vestibular system

55
Q

what’s more common, peripheral vertigo or central vertigo

A

Peripheral vertigo

56
Q

Dysequilibrium definition

A

Dizziness, unsteadiness and imbalance w/o vertigo

can be caused by degenerative changes

57
Q

What is presyncope?

A

Vascular compromise to cerebellum

58
Q

What are non-specific causes of dizziness

A

panic/anxiety

Cervicogenic

59
Q

Who is more affected by headache, men or women?

A

Women

60
Q

What is the most common kind of headache

A

tension headache

61
Q

What kind of headache can stress/anxiety cause?

A

tension

note: feels like a band tightening

62
Q

What are the symptoms of a migraine?

A

Pounding/Pulsating

Nausea, vomiting, photophobia or phonophobia

severe

63
Q

what kind of headache has mild to moderate symptoms

occurs due to upper c-spine dysfunction

provoked by neck movements or sustained postures

A

cervicogenic

note: non-throbbing and non-pulsating

64
Q

What kind of headache happens atleast every other day for 8 days,

can be due to nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, eyelid edema, sweating, restlessness, ptosis

A

cluster

65
Q

What is the most severe kind of headache?

A

Cluster- Severe or very severe

migrane - severe

66
Q

Physical symptoms of concussion

A

Headache

nausea

balance,

dizziness

fatigue

sensitivity to light

numbness

dazed/stunned

67
Q

emotional symptoms of concussion

A

irritable
sadness
emotional
nervous

68
Q

cognitive concussion symptoms

A

feeling foggy,slow

difficulty remembering and concentrating

forgetful of recent info, conversations

confused about recent events

answers questions slowily

repeats questions

69
Q

concussion symptoms about sleep

A

drowsiness

more sleepy than usual

less sleepy than usual

difficult falling asleep

70
Q

What are the red flags of a head injury

A

double vision

severe/worsening HA

Seizure/convulsion

deteriorating consciousness

vomiting/agitation/combativeness

71
Q

How is a concussion diagnosed?

A

No validated test, the diagnosis is made clinically

72
Q

Repetitive over use injury sites:

Femoral Neck

Anterior Cortex of tibia

medial malleolus

_____________

_______________

_______________

______________

A

tarsal navicular

base of 2nd and 5th metatarsal

talus

patella

73
Q

Repetitive over use injury sites:
tarsal navicular

base of 2nd and 5th metatarsal

talus

patella

__________

__________

___________

A

Femoral Neck

Anterior Cortex of tibia

medial malleolus

primary care (10 decks)

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