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CHEM 350 > Lecture 29 - Translation and Protein synthesis > Flashcards

Lecture 29 - Translation and Protein synthesis Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 5 key players in translation?

A
  1. mRNA (messenger RNAs)
  2. tRNA (transfer RNAs)
  3. Ribosome
  4. codons
  5. anticodons
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2
Q

what do transfer RNA molecules provide?

A

-the physical link that decodes the mRNA into the encoded polypeptide

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3
Q

what does tRNA do?

A

-links the mRNA sequence with the amino acid sequence

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4
Q

what are codons?

A

three-nucleotide long sequences

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5
Q

what dictates tRNAs?

A

the mRNA template

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6
Q

what does the anticodon loop recognize?

A

the 3-nt code on the mrNA template

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7
Q

why have some bases on the tRNA have been post-transcriptionally modified?

A

to enhance anticodon recognition and specificity

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8
Q

what does the anticodon recognqie?

A

3-nt codon on the mRNA

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9
Q

what does each codon translate to?

A

one of the 20 amino acids

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10
Q

what are the 3 top codons?

A
  1. UAA
  2. UAG
  3. UGA
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11
Q

what is the start codon?

A

AUG (codes Met)

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12
Q

what are aminoacyl-tRNA synthesases responbile for?

A

first step in decoding

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13
Q

what does Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase do?

A

links the right amino acid to a tRNA

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14
Q

how many aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for each amino acid?

A

there is generally one for each of the standard 20 amino aicds

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15
Q

how many subunits do ribosomes have?

A

two subunits

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16
Q

what else does the ribosome contain?

A

proteins

17
Q

how many tRNA binding sites do ribosomes have?

A

3 binding sites

18
Q

when do polysomes form?

A

-they form when multiple ribosomes initiate + elongate multiple mRNAs from the same gene

19
Q

what are 4 things that translation involves?

A
  1. initiate
  2. elongation
  3. termination
  4. ribosome recycling
20
Q

how can bacterial translation initiation be regulated?

A

-interrupting binding of 16S rRNA to SD sequence interferes with bacterial translation

21
Q

what is the 16S rRNA?

A

-16S rRNA locates the Shine-Dalgarno sequence upstream from the AUG start codon at beginning of open reading frame (ORF)

CHEM 350 (22 decks)

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