Chapter One - The Origin of Life

Question 1

cell membrane

Answer 1

segregates interior of cell from environment

Question 2

vesicle

Answer 2

sac of fluid formed by cell membrane

Question 3

why is the cell membrane porous?

Answer 3

allows transport in and out of the cell

Question 4

cytoplasm

Answer 4

inside content of the cell

Question 5

prokaryotes

Answer 5

-have no nucleus

Question 6

prokaryote size

Answer 6

1-10 microns

Question 7

bacteria are almost always ______

Answer 7

unicellular

Question 8

eukaryotes

Answer 8

• have cell nucleus

- genetic material of the cell

Question 9

eukaryote size

Answer 9

10 to 100 microns

Question 10

ER

Answer 10

synthesis of many biomolecules

Question 11

golgi apparatus

Answer 11

-chemical modification of biomolecules from ER

Question 12

mitochondria

Answer 12

aerobic metabolsim

Question 13

lysosomes

Answer 13

degrade + recycle cell components

Question 14

vacuoles

Answer 14

• storage

- most prominent in plant cells

Question 15

centrioles

Answer 15

involved in cell mitosis

Question 16

cytosol

Answer 16

cytoplasm minus the organelles

Question 17

cytoskeleton

Answer 17

-3D array of filaments that hold up cell

Question 18

1st law of thermodynamics

Answer 18

-enthalpy change

delta H

Question 19

2nd law of thermodynamics

Answer 19

-entropy change

delta S

Question 20

spontaneity

Answer 20

-free energy change

G=H-TS

Question 21

off standard delta G

Answer 21

delta G = G + RTlnQ

Question 22

Equilibrium

Answer 22

K = Q

only when delta G = 0

Question 23

what is free energy?

Answer 23

actual amount of useful work either:

1. delivered by reaction (exergonic) G<0
2. needed to be put into reaction (endergonic) G>0

Question 24

enthalpy

Answer 24

delta H

energy involved to make/break bonds