lecture 29 - sexual reproduction Flashcards
what is sexual reproduction?
two parents produce offspring
define karyotype
display of chromosomes arranged in pairs by size and banding pattern
why can only diploid cells undergo meiosis?
haploid cells lack paired homologous chromosomes needed for reduction
what happens if gametes were diploid instead of haploid?
the chromosome number would double (92 chromosomes)
how many chromosomes do humans have?
46 chromosomes
how many chromosomes do haploid cells have?
23 chromosomes (n)
how many chromosomes do diploid cells have?
46 chromosomes (2n)
what is a zygote?
when sperm and egg fuse during fertilization, they form a zygote with 46 chromosomes (2n)
how many chromosomes do zygotes have?
46 chromosomes
what is the purpose of meiosis?
reduce the chromosome number by half
is sporophyte a haploid or diploid?
diploid stage
what does sporophyte produce?
haploid spores (cells with only one set of chromosomes, n)
is gametophyte a haploid or diploid?
haploid stage
what do gametophyte produce?
sperm and egg cells (gametes)
what process does sporophyte go through?
meiosis
what process does gametophyte go through?
mitosis
are spores haploid or diploid?
haploid
at which stage in mitosis are cells arrested to create a karyotype?
metaphase
what are non-sex chromosomes called?
autosomes
true or false - autosomes are involved in determining sex
false
are gametes haploid or diploid?
haploid
how many chromosomes are in somatic cells?
46 chromosomes
why does meiosis produce genetically diverse cells?
crossing over and independent assortment
what type of reproduction requires meoisis?
sexual reproduction
true or false - sporophyte refers to the diploid stage in plants
true
true or false - gametophyte is the haploid stage in plants
true
