lecture 26 - cancer Flashcards
what is the hay flick limit of theory of aging?
human cells can divide 50 times before stopping
what is the telomere theory of aging?
telomeres shorten with each cell division, and when they reach a critical length, cells stop dividing and die
how do cancer cells differ in their cell cycle regulation?
grow uncontrollably, ignore stop signals, and divide indefinitely
which tumor is not cancerous?
benign tumors
which tumor spreads to other tissues?
malignant tumors
abnormal cell growth happens through a process called _________
neoplasia
what role does telomerase play in cancer?
responsible for maintenance of the length of telomeres
increase in cell size
hypertrophy
what is hyperplasia?
increase in cell number
how does the immune system interact with tumour formation?
it tries to destroy abnormal cells, but tumors form when cells evade immune destruction
why does the tumor secrete VEGF?
the tumor has increased oxygen needs so it needs new blood vessels
hallmark 5: angiogenesis
formation of new blood vessels to supply oxygen to tumors
hallmark 4: activating invasion and metastasis
spreads to other parts of the body
hallmark 1: sustaining proliferative signals
produce their own growth signals and eliminating their dependance on external stimuli
hallmark 3: resisting cell death
block apoptosis
