lecture 31 - genetics i

Question 1

define “character” and “trait” in genetics

Answer 1

a character is a heritable feature that varies among individuals, while trait is a variant for a a character

Question 2

what is hybridization in Mendel’s experiments?

Answer 2

crossing of two breeding varieties, resulting in hybrid offspring

Question 3

describe the “blending hypothesis”

Answer 3

the blending hypothesis suggested that genetic material from two parents mixes evenly, however, mendel’s experiments showed dominant traits masking recessive ones rather than bleeding.

Question 4

what is the difference between dominant and recessive traits?

Answer 4

dominant traits mask recessive traits when both are present; recessive traits reappear when two recessive alleles are inherited

Question 5

genotype

Answer 5

organisms genetic makeup (Pp)

Question 6

phenotype

Answer 6

observable trait (purple)

Question 7

a genetic situation where the heterozygote’s phenotype is intermediate between two parental phenotypes

Answer 7

incomplete dominance

Question 8

what is an example of complete dominance?

Answer 8

Purple flowers (PP or Pp)

Question 9

what is the term for crossing two true-breeding varieties?

Answer 9

hybridization

Question 10

organism that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate

Answer 10

true-breeding

Question 11

what is the law of independent assortment?

Answer 11

when parents pass down genes to their offspring, different traits are passed on independently of each other

Question 12

what does “independently” refer to in law of independent assortment?

Answer 12

one trait (like eye color) doesn’t affect how another trait (like hair color) is inherited