Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BCH4024 > Lecture 29-36 > Flashcards

Lecture 29-36 Flashcards

1
Q

Glycerol breakdown

A

Glycerol + ATP <> Glycerol 3P + ADP
(glycerol kinase)

Glycerol 3P + NAD+ <> Dihydroxyacetone P + NADH
(glycerol 3P dehydrogenase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First bypass of gluconeogenesis

A

Bicarbonate + pyruvate + ATP –> OAA + ADP + Pi
(pyruvate carboxylase)

OAA + GTP –> phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2
(PEPCK = phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Second bypass of gluconeogenesis

A

Fructose 1,6P + H2O –> Frutose 1P + Pi

FBPase-1 = F16 bisphosphatase-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Third bypass of gluconeogenesis

A

Glucose 6P + H2O –> Glucose + Pi

glucose 6 phosphatase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) regulation

A

Key regulatory step in glycolysis
Inhibited by ATP, citrate (high energy state)
Activated by AMP/ADP, F26BP (low energy state)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Glycogenolysis

A

Glycogen phosphorylase removes glucose molecules from nonreducing ends of chains. Phosphorylates a1-4 glycosidic bonds with Pi. Produces glucose 1P. Branch points catalyzed by debranching enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Glycogenolysis product conversion

A

Glucose 1P –> Glucose 6P

phosphoglucomutase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glycogenesis substrate production

A

Glucose + UTP –> UDP-glucose + Pi

UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Glycogenesis elongation

A

UDP-glucose added to nonreducing end of existing chain. Catalyzed by glycogen synthase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Glycogenesis branching

A

Catalyzed by branching enzyme. Converts already synthesized a1-4 glycosidic bond in glycogen chain into a1-6 glycosidic bond with another molecule of the chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase regulation

A

A form = active (PHOSPHORYLATED)
B form = inactive (DEPHOSPHORYLATED)

Phosphorylated by phosphorylase b kinase (target of PKA) and dephosphorylated by phosphorylase a phosphatase (PP1)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Glycogen synthase regulation

A

A form = active (DEPHOSPHORYLATED)
B form = inactive (PHOSPHORYLATED)

Dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA) and other kinases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Pyruvate kinase regulation

A

Active form = L/M (DEPHOSPHORYLATED)
Inactive form = L (PHOSPHORYLATED)

Dephosphorylated by PP1 (insulin) and phosphorylated by PKA (glucagon) - IN LIVER

L/M activated by F16BP and inhibited by high energy state (ATP, acetyl-CoA, fatty acids) and Ala

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate role

A

Activates PFK-1 (glycolysis) and inhibits FBPase-1 (gluconeogenesis).

F6P <> F26BP (bifunctional enzyme)
Two activities: kinase and phosphatase

F6P + ATP –> F26BP + ADP (PFK-2)
F26BP + H20 –> F6P + Pi (FBPase-2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Bifunctional enzyme (PFK-2/FBPase-2) regulation

A

DEPHOSPHORYLATED: kinase activity
PHOSPHORYLATED: phosphatase activity

Dephosphorylated by PP1 (insulin) and phosphorylated by PKA (glucagon)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pentose phosphate pathway

A

Generates NADPH and 5C sugars (nucleotides).

Used for fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol/bile synthesis, steroid synthesis, cytochrome P-450 detox, maintaining glutathione, and generating superoxides

17
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

Pyruvate + CoA-SH + NAD -> Acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH

E1: TPP (thiamine pyrophosphate)
E2: CoA-SH, lipoic acid (bound)
E3: FAD (bound), NAD

18
Q

Pyruvate dehydrogenase regulation

A

PDH kinase: inhibit complex (high ATP)

PDH phosphatase: activates complex (low ATP, high Ca)

19
Q

Complex I (ETC)

A

NADH oxidized –> electrons accepted by Q (–> QH2).

4 protons pumped (/pair e-)

20
Q

Complex II (ETC)

A

Succinate –> Fumarate (succinate dehydrogenase)

Electrons accepted by Q (–> QH2)

21
Q

Complex III (ETC)

A

QH2 oxidized –> electrons accepted by cytochrome c
Cytochrome c located in inner membrane space
4 protons pumped (/pair e-)

22
Q

Complex IV (ETC)

A

Electrons passed from cytochrome c to O2 (final acceptor) –> H2O created
2 protons pumped (/pair e-)

23
Q

ATP synthase F0

A

Integral membrane protein in inner membrane.
a subunit: proton channels to enter/exit c subunits
b subunit: links F0 and F1
c subunits: creates ring that spins upon proton binding/release on Asp residues

24
Q

ATP synthase F1

A

Complex in matrix of mitochondria
y shaft: spins with c subunit rings to drive conformational changes in Beta subunits (catalysis)
Beta subunits: perform catalysis (ATP synthesis)

B-ADP + Pi form, B-ATP form, B-empty form. 3 ATP per revolution

BCH4024 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions