Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology -- Zach H. > Lecture #28: Cardiovascular Histology > Flashcards

Lecture #28: Cardiovascular Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the endocardium?

A

Endothelium and Subendothelial Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

True or False:

The endocardium is not continuous with the tunica intima of the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.

A

False - IS continuous with the tunica intima of the blood vessels entering and leaving the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What layer is located between the endocardium and the myocardium?

A

Subendocardium Layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is contained within the subendocardium layer?

A

Nerves
Purkinje Fibers

**these are referred to as subendocardial fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do Purkinje Fibers function to do? Also, what type of cells are they?

A

Carry impulses to ordinary cardiomyocytes.

Large, modified, and specialized cardiac muscle cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up the myocardium?

A

Consists of cardiac muscle cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of tissue lines the external surface of the epicardium?

A

The external surface of the epicardium is covered by simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What composes the fibroelastic connective tissue that is covered by the mesothelium?

A

Fibroelastic connective tissue containing adipose cells, nerves, and coronary vessels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three cardiac tunics starting from the deepest layer?

A

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What type of fibers originate and insert into the cardiac skeleton?

A

Myocardial fibers originate and insert into the cardiac skeleton.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What kind of tissue is the cardiac skeleton composed of?

A

Dense Collagenous Connective Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

True or False:

Walls of all blood vessels except capillaries are characterized by three layers (tunics).

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the components of the tunica intima?

A

> Endothelium and its basal lamina

> Subendothelial Connective Tissue

> Internal Elastic Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Is the endothelium and its basal lamina of the tunica intima found in all arteries and arterioles?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What factor does endothelial cells produce that are crucial in hemostasis?

A

Endothelial cells produce von Willebrands’s factor VIII.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False:

Subendothelial CT of the tunica intima is found in all elastic and muscular arteries and some arterioles.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which type of arteries, elastic or muscular, has an incomplete internal elastic membrane?

A

Internal elastic membrane -> incomplete in elastic arteries but thick and complete in muscular arteries.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the tunica media made up of?

A

Circular smooth muscle tissue

Fibroblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does the tunica media contain collagen and elastic fibers?

A

YES

20
Q

What tunica layer does arterioles not have?

A

Tunica adventitia

21
Q

In what tunica layer is vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum found?

A

Tunica adventitia

22
Q

What type of tissues does the tunica adventitia consists of and contain?

A

Consists of Loose Areolar Tissue

Contains Irregular Fibroelastic Tissue with Adipocytes

23
Q

Got to slide 13

A

sweet

24
Q

What does the endocardium, which is the innermost cardiac tunic (layer), line?

A

Endocardium -> innermost layer, lining the atria and the ventricles.

25
Q

Are muscular arteries typically distributing or conducting arteries?

A

Distributing Arteries

26
Q

Are elastic arteries typically distributing or conducting arteries?

A

Conducting Arteries

27
Q

True or False:

Elastic arteries stretch during systole and recoil during diastole.

A

True

28
Q

Give 3 examples of elastic arteries that are found in the body?

A

Aorta
Pulmonary Trunk
Large Branches of Aorta

29
Q

What is the relationship between smooth muscle layer thickness and the diameter of the vessel?

A

Thickness of smooth muscle layer decreases as diameter becomes smaller.

30
Q

Fill in the Blank:

Tunica media consists of smooth muscle that responds to _______ stimulation and hormones.

A

autonomic

31
Q

How many layers of smooth muscle cells are typically found in the tunica media of arterioles?

A

1-3 layers of smooth muscle cells.

32
Q

True or False:

Arterioles give rise to metarterioles which have a discontinuous layer of smooth muscle tissue.

A

True

33
Q

True or False:

Pericytes are differentiated mesenchymal cells.

A

False - pericytes are undifferenetiated mesenchymal cells.

34
Q

True or False:

Pericytes may be contractile and can serve as stem cells to differentiate into fibroblasts.

A

True

35
Q

Which type of capillary has a pericyte associated with it?

A

Continuous Capillary

36
Q

What are the three different capillary types?

A

Continuous, Fenestrated, and sinusoid (discontinuous capillary) capillaries.

37
Q

Which two capillaries have a continuous basal lamina and which one does not?

A

Continuous Basal Lamina -> continuous and fenestrated capillaries.

Discontinuous Basal Lamina -> sinusoid (discontinuous) capillary

38
Q

Give examples of where continuous capillaries can be found in the body?

A 
> muscle 
> brain 
> thymus 
> bone
> lung 
> pancreas
39
Q

In which type of capillary would you expect to find caveolae and vesicles transporting substances through the cytoplasm in a bidirectional pathway (transcytosis)? HINT: the intra cytoplasmic vesicles are coated by the protein caveolin (haha).

A

Continuous Capillary

40
Q

Where are fenestrated capillaries found in the body?

A

They are present in tissues with substantial fluid transport:

 - intestinal villi (jejunum) 
 - choroid plexus
 - ciliary processes of the eye 
 - glomerular capillaries of the kidneys
41
Q

Are the gaps larger in fenestrated or discontinuous capillaries?

A

Discontinuous capillaries (sinusoid)

42
Q

Where are discontinuous capillaries commonly found in the body?

A

> Spleen -> endothelial cells are elongated and protrude into the lumen.

> Liver

43
Q

True or False:

The gaps in venous sinusoids of the liver are wider than the discontinuous capillaries.

A

True

44
Q

Does veins or arteries have a larger lumen? Also, how about the thickness of the vessel wall?

A

Veins have a larger lumen and thinner vessel walls.

45
Q

True or False:

Larger veins do not have a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle in the inner aspect of the tunica adventitia.

A

False - larger veins have a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle in the inner aspect of the tunica adventitia.

46
Q

List the general 4 step overview of the formation of an atherosclerotic plaque.

A

1) Endothelial Cell Dysfunction
2) Formation of the Atherosclerosis Plaque
3) T-cells-macrophage Interaction
4) Fracture of the Plaque and Thrombosis

Histology -- Zach H. (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions