Lecture #27: Integument System II

Question 1

Where are the only two locations that sebaceous glands are not found?

Answer 1

Found everywhere except palms and soles.

Question 2

What doe sebaceous glands continuously produce?

Answer 2

Sebum, which is released into hair follicles.

Question 3

What stimulates the growth of sebaceous glands?

Answer 3

Growth is stimulated at puberty by sex hormones.

Question 4

What type of gland are sebaceous glands?

Answer 4

Mode of Secretion - >holocrine glands

Branched acinar glands with short ducts

Question 5

What is the function of basal cells in the lining of sebaceous glands?

Answer 5

Basal cells regenerate sebum-producing cells lost during the holocrine secretory process.

Question 6

What type of glands are sweat (sudoriferous) glands?

Answer 6

Both merocrine and apocrine glands.

Question 7

In merocrine glands, what kind of epithelium is the coiled, simple tubular secretory portion lined with?

Answer 7

Simple Epithelium

Question 8

In merocrine glands, what do apical dark secretory cells of the coiled, simple tubular secretory portion secrete?

Answer 8

Glycoproteins

Question 9

In merocrine glands, what do basal clear cells of the coiled, simple tubular secretory portion secrete?

Answer 9

Water and Electrolytes

Question 10

Besides simple epithelium, apical dark secretory cells, and basal clear cells of the coiled, simple tubular secretory portion of merocrine glands, what other epithelium cells are found here?

Answer 10

Myoepithelial Cells

Question 11

True or False:

The duct system of merocrine glands consist of stratified cuboidal epithelium except in epidermis.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Do merocrine glands have cholinergic endings?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Apocrine glands of sweat (sudoriferous) glands are found in which regions of the body?

Answer 13

Found in labia majora, areola, and axillary and anal regions.

Question 14

Between apocrine and merocrine, which secretes a product more thicker and viscous?

Answer 14

Secretions from apocrine glands are thicker and more viscous than merocrine glands.

Question 15

Does apocrine glands have adrenergic or cholinergic innervation?

Answer 15

Adrenergic Innervation

Question 16

True or False:

Apocrine glands are inactive until puberty?

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Where do excretory ducts open into to secrete their product?

Answer 17

Excretory duct opens into hair follicle.

Question 18

Name two different special types of apocrine glands covered in lecture.

Answer 18

Ceruminous Glands

Glands of Moll

Question 19

Within sweat glands, what are myoepithelial cells found in-between?

Answer 19

Myoepithelial cells are found between the basal lamina and the basal domain of clear cells.

Question 20

In which layer of the skin is apocrine sweat glands located?

Answer 20

Dermis

Question 21

What do hair follicles develop from and what are the components?

Answer 21

Develop from epidermis as elastic, keratinized threads.

> components

 - root 
 - free shaft 
 - hair follicle

Question 22

What muscle and bland is found associated with hair follicles?

Answer 22

Sebaceous Glands and Pili Muscles

Question 23

True or False:

The hair bulb has a vascularized dermal papilla the protrudes up into the structure.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or False:

The hair bulb does not have a matrix.

Answer 24

False - the hair bulb does have a matrix

Question 25

# Fill in the Blank: _______ root sheath is a down growth of the epidermis in the hair follicle.

Answer 25

External Root Sheath

Question 26

Which sheath, external or internal, is generated by the hair bulb matrix?

Answer 26

Internal Root Sheath

Question 27

What are the 3 layers of the internal root sheath?

Answer 27

Henle's layer (outermost) Huxley's layer Cuticle (interlocks with cuticle of hair shaft

Question 28

What are the layers of the hair shaft?

Answer 28

medulla (innermost) cortex cuticle

Question 29

What are the 3 migration pathways possible from keratinocyte stem cells in the hair follicle development?

Answer 29

1) bulb-epidermis stem cell pathway 2) bulb-sebaceous gland stem cell pathway 3) bulb-hair stem cell pathway *signaling pathway -> Wnt and Notch signaling pathway

Question 30

Which of the following trascription factors induces proliferation and self-renewal of satellite cells allowing them to become mitotic in times of stress? a) MyoD b) erythropoietin c) myogenic regulatory factor My5 d) alpha7beta1 integrin

Answer 30

a) MyoD

Question 31

The meninges cover the brain and spinal cord. They consist of three layers. Which of the following statements is true regarding these membranes? a) the subdural space is only associated with the meninges around the brain. b) the epidural space is only associated with the meninges around the spinal cord. c) cerebral spinal fluid is found in the subdural space. d) arachnoid granulations are projections form the pia mater.

Answer 31

b) the epidural space is only associated with the meninges around the spinal cord.

Question 32

Objective 3: be able to identify types of sensory receptors on photomicrographs.

Answer 32

Meissner's corpuscle and Pacini Corpuscle