Lecture 28

Question 1

Describe Sauropods in Saurischia.

Answer 1

Quadrupedal herbivores
Long necks, massive bodies, small heads
Examples: Brachiosaurs, Titanosaurs

Question 2

hat distinguishes Ornithischian dinosaurs?

Answer 2

Bird-hipped, herbivorous
Often had beaks (predentary bone)
Examples: Triceratops, Stegosaurs

Question 3

What are the characteristics of Theropods in Saurischia?

Answer 3

Bipedal carnivores,
Shortened forelimbs,
Descendants include birds
Shared traits with birds: Wishbone, hollow bones, brooding eggs, insulating feathers

Question 4

What are the two main lineages of clade Dinosauria?

Answer 4

Ornithischians (bird-hipped, herbivorous)
Saurischians (lizard-hipped, includes theropods and sauropods)

Question 5

What are pterosaurs, and what is unique about their wings?

Answer 5

First flying vertebrates, not part of bird lineage.
Wings: Thin membrane anchored to elongated 4th digit and body.

Question 6

What are the reproductive traits of crocodilians?

Answer 6

Loud bellows during mating
Oviparous
Female parental care
Temperature-dependent sex determination

Question 7

How can you differentiate between a crocodile and an alligator?

Answer 7

Crocodile: Pointy V-shaped snout; both teeth visible when mouth is closed.
Alligator: Rounded U-shaped snout; only upper teeth visible when mouth is closed.

Question 8

What is the significance of a secondary palate in crocodilians?

Answer 8

Allows breathing while eating or with a closed mouth.

Question 9

What are the synapomorphies of Archosauria?

Answer 9

Teeth in sockets
Antorbital and mandibular fenestrae
Fourth trochanter on the femur

Question 10

What are the two main clades of Superorder Archosauria?

Answer 10

Crocodilians and relatives
Pterosaurs, Dinosaurs, and Birds

Question 11

draw me the phylogenetic tree for this lecture

Answer 11

check end of lecture or note for answer