Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Animal Diversity > Lecture 16 + 17 > Flashcards

Lecture 16 + 17 Flashcards

Echinodermata

1
Q

Q: What clade does Deuterostomia belong to?

A

Bilateria groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What embryonic development process is associated with Deuterostomia?

A

A: Deuterostome embryogenesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the synapomorphies of Deuterostomia?

A

Radial cleavage, regulative (indeterminate) development, the fate of blastopore (anus first, mouth second), gill slits on pharynx , and coelom formation (enterocoelous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which phylum within Deuterostomia is known as Ambulacraria?

A

Echinodermata.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What key feature is absent in living echinoderms?

A

Gill slits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the living groups within Phylum Echinodermata?

A

Crinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea, and Holothuroidea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What features define the stem groups of echinoderms?

A

Stem group A: motile, bilateral with gill slits. Stem group B: asymmetric, stalked with gill slits.Stem group C: stalked, beginnings of radial symmetry, and probable loss of gill slits.Stem group D: attached suspension feeders with ambulacral grooves.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the five autapomorphies of echinoderms?

A

Pentaradial symmetry, calcareous endoskeleton, water vascular system, pedicellariae, and dermal branchiae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the water vascular system in echinoderms used for?

A

Respiration, excretion, locomotion, and feeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What structure in echinoderms allows water into the water vascular system?

A

Madreporite.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are tube feet used for in echinoderms?

A

Movement and feeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are pedicellariae and their functions?

A

Small spines with jaws used for cleaning, food capture, and defense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are dermal branchiae (papulae) used for?

A

Respiration through thin-walled projections of the coelom.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is unique about echinoderm nervous systems?

A

They lack a brain or ganglia but have nerve rings, radial nerves, and an epidermal nerve net.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do echinoderms reproduce?

A

Typically through external fertilization, where sperm and eggs are released into the open water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does regeneration work in echinoderms?

A

Echinoderms can regenerate from as little as 1/5 of the central disk and one arm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is autotomy in echinoderms?

A

The deliberate shedding of body parts as an escape response or to replace infected or damaged appendages.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an example of fragmentation in echinoderms?

A

Linckia “comets” can cast off an arm that will grow into a complete starfish.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the common name for species in Class Asteroidea?

A

Sea stars, starfish (“star form”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What structure characterizes the body of a typical Asteroidea?

A

A central disc with 5 arms (can have 7 arms or almost 50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is unique about the Asteroidea stomach?

A

They have a two-part stomach and can evert the cardiac stomach to feed.

22
Q

How do sea stars feed?

A

They are scavengers and carnivores but can also suspension feed.

23
Q

What are two examples of keystone species in Class Asteroidea?

A

Pisaster ochraceus (purple intertidal sea star) and Stichaster australis (reef sea star).

24
Q

What is sea star wasting disease associated with?

A

Warmer temperatures and densovirus, causing white lesions, limp bodies, fragmentation, and death.

25
Q
A
26
Q

How do Ophiuroidea move?

A

With flexible articulated arms and closed ambulacral grooves.

27
Q

What is absent in Ophiuroidea that is present in other echinoderms?

A

Pedicellariae, papulae, and suckers on tube feet.

28
Q
A
29
Q

Where is the madreporite located in Ophiuroidea?

A

On the oral side.

30
Q

What is the “hedgehog form” in echinoderms?

A

Echinoidea, including sea urchins, sand dollars, and heart urchins.

30
Q

What is notable about their regeneration and habitat?

A

They are fragile with remarkable regeneration and are cryptic, staying away from light in dark places.

31
Q

What structure do sea urchins have for movement?

A

Tube feet assisted by spines in socket joints (unique)

32
Q

What is Aristotle’s lantern and its function?

A

A structure with 5 teeth used for chewing, especially in sea urchins.

33
Q

How do Echinoidea impact kelp forests?

A

They can create “urchin barrens” by consuming kelp forests entirely.

34
Q

What is the “obscure form” in echinoderms?

A

Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers).

35
Q

What is the function of the oral tentacles in Holothuroidea?

A

Suspension or deposit feeding, located at one end of the body.

36
Q

How are Holothuroidea elongated?

A

Along the oral-aboral axis (like a stretched-out sea urchin).

37
Q

What unique respiratory structure do sea cucumbers have?

A

The respiratory tree, which is connected to the cloaca.

38
Q

How do sea cucumbers defend themselves?

A

By eviscerating their Cuvierian tubules, respiratory tree, or guts.(puking their guts out)

39
Q

What is the form of Class Crinoidea?

A

“Lily” form, including sea lilies and feather stars.

40
Q

How do Crinoidea move?

A

Sea lilies are attached to the substrate, while feather stars can crawl, sweep, or swim via cirri or feathery arms.

41
Q

Where is the mouth located in Crinoidea?

A

On the oral side, alongside the anus.

42
Q

What environments are Crinoidea commonly found in?

A

Many live in deep waters, though there is high diversity in shallow Indo-Pacific and West Indies waters.

43
Q

What do Hemichordata have in common with other deuterostomes?

A

Gill slits and a 3-part coelom.

44
Q

What is the stomochord in Hemichordata?

A

An evagination of the mouth cavity, not homologous with the chordate notochord.

45
Q

What do acorn worms use for feeding?

A

Mucus on their proboscis to collect food as deposit or suspension feeders

46
Q

What are Pterobranchia characterized by?

A

Small, tube-dwelling, mostly colonial, and exclusively marine species.

47
Q

How do Pterobranchia feed?

A

They are suspension feeders, using a crown of tentacles with coelomic extensions.

48
Q

what are the Classe in Phylum Hemichordata?

A

Class Enteropneusta and Class Pterobranchia

49
Q

what are the class in Phylum Echinodermata?

A

Class Asteroidea, Class Ophiuroidea, Class Echinoidea, Class Holothuroidea, and Class Crinoidea

Animal Diversity (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions