Lecture 28 Flashcards
what is cytoplasmic inheritance?
when sperm fertilizes egg, offspring inherits many things from mother thru oocyte cytoplasm
what does the offspring inherit from oocyte cytoplasm? (3)
- proteins
- mRNAs
- organelles
2 other names for cytoplasmic inheritance
- maternal inheritance
- extranuclear inheritance
where do offpsring acquire their mitochondria?
from the mother
describe the mt genome?
> 16,000 nt circular DNA
how many mt are in a cell? what does each have?
dozens-hundreds of mt per cell, each with multiple mtDNA copies
what % of cellular DNA is made of mtDNA
1%
what does mtDNA encode? is this cytoplasmic or mendelian inheritance?
mtDNA encodes 13 proteins and 24 rRNAs/tRNAs –> CYTOPLASMIC INHERITANCE
the proteins that mtDNA itself encodes are involved in what?
involved in ETC
how many proteins are in a mt?
> 1000
if mt only encodes 13 proteins, how are there >1000 proteins in mt?
encoded in nuclear genome: produced in cytoplasm then imported to nucleus
3 factors that affect mt genome replication
- many mtDNA are replicated within nucleoids
- nucleoids divide within a mt
- mt divide within a cell
what is a nucleoid?
protein particle that holds mtDNA
how does mtDNA relate to nuclear DNA?
INDEPENDENT
how many mitochondria are in oocyte vs sperm?
oocyte: >100,000 mt
sperm: ~100 mt