Lecture 10

Question 1

what are the 3 properties of population level genetics?

Answer 1

1. genotype and allele frequencies
2. change in genotype/allele frequencies over time
3. change in genotype/allele frequencies btwn populations

Question 2

4 forces that drive population level variation

Answer 2

1. mutations
2. migrations
3. selections
4. chance

Question 3

how to calculate genotype frequency with gene pool model?

Answer 3

each genotype / total # genotypes

Question 4

how to calculate allelic frequency with gene pool model?

Answer 4

each allele / total # alleles

Question 5

what is p and q? p+q?

Answer 5

p = frequency of allele 1
q = frequency of allele 2

p+q = 1

Question 6

can we calculate genotype frequencies in the next generation if we only know the allele frequency?

Answer 6

yes, but only if Hardy-Weinberg conditions are met

Question 7

what are the 5 Hardy-Weinberg conditions?

Answer 7

1. random mating
2. no mutation
3. no selection
4. no migration
5. no drift

Question 8

why are the Hardy-Weinberg conditions often met? (go thru each condition)

Answer 8

no mutation –> rate of mutation is generally slow

no selection –> no advantage for either genotype OR weak effect in individual OR rare in population

no migration –> if populations isolated from each other

no drift –> if population is large enough

Question 9

in a second generation, what are the HW genotype frequencies for AA, Aa, and aa?

Answer 9

fAA = p^2
fAa = 2pq
faa = q^2