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Anatomy 0503 > Lecture 26: Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Lecture 26: Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 anatomical regions of the lower limb?

A
  1. Gluteal region
  2. Thigh (femoral region) - anterior / medial / posterior
  3. Leg (crus) - anterior / posterior
  4. Foot (pes)
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2
Q

What are the boundries of the gluteal region.

A
  • Iliac crest (superiorly)
  • Greater trochanter (laterally)
  • Gluteal fold (inferiorly)
  • Intergluteal cleft (med
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3
Q

What are the boundries of the thigh?

A
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4
Q

What are the boundries of the leg?

A
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5
Q

What are the 2 fascial compartments of the lower limb?

A
  1. Superficial Fascia
  2. Deep Fascia
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6
Q

Superficial fascia:
1. Type of connective tissue
2. Tissue type
3. Nerves
4. Blood vessels
5. Other type of vessels

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
  2. Adipose tissue
  3. Cutaneous nerves
  4. Superficial veins
  5. Lymphatics
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7
Q

Fascia Lata:
1. What is it?
2. What does it surround?
3. Ligament?

A
  1. “broad fascia” (deep fascia of the thigh)
  2. Encases the thigh muscles
  3. Continuous with inguinal ligament
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8
Q

What are the sites of attachment of the fascia lata (deep fascia)?

A

Attaches along the pubis, iliac crest, sacrum/coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, and ischium

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9
Q

What is the saphenous opening and what passes through it?

A

a hiatus anteromedial part of the
fascia lata below the inguinal ligament

a. Passage for great saphenous vein

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10
Q

What is the iliotibial tract / band?

A

Lateral thickening of fascia lata

a. Continuous with the deep fascia of the leg
b, Stabilizes lateral knee

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11
Q

What are the intermuscular septa?

A
  • Arise from deep aspect of fascia lata and separate the thigh into 3 compartments
    1. Lateral intermuscular septum
    2. Medial Intermuscular septum
    3. Posterior Intermuscular septum
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12
Q

Lateral intermuscular septum: Strength / attachment sites

A

Strongest intermuscular septum
Attaches between iliotibial tract and lateral lip of linea aspera

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13
Q

Attachment sites of medial and posterior intermuscular septa?

A

Attach to medial lip of linea aspera

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14
Q

What are the 3 compartments of the thigh?

A
  1. Anterior
  2. Medial
  3. Posterior
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15
Q

What is enclosed within the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Muscles that flex the hip and/or extend the leg

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16
Q

What is in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Muscles that adduct the thigh at the hip (some
also flex the thigh

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17
Q

What is in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Muscles that extend the thigh and flex the leg

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18
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23
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24
Q

What is the pelvic girdle composed of, and its main function?

A
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25
Q

What is the hip joint? What is its primary function?

A
  • Femoroacetabular (or coxofemoral) joint
  • Articulation between acetabulum & head of femur
  • Supports & distributes body weight
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26
Q

Hip Joint: Type of joint / types of movement

A
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27
Q

What ligaments compose the joint capsule?

A
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28
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29
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30
Q

What are the major functions of the gluteal region muscles? What nerves innervate these muscles?

A

A. Muscles either abduct and medially rotate the thigh at the hip, or laterally rotate the thigh at the hip. Gluteus maximus also extends the hip.

B. Gluteal region muscles are all innervated by nerves originating at the sacral plexus

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31
Q

Gluteus Maximus:
1. Movement
2. Origin
3. Insertion
4. Innervation

A
  1. Hip Extensor and lateral rotation
  2. Posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior surface of sacrum & coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament
  3. Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity
  4. Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)
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32
Q

What are the 3 hip abductors and medial rotators? What nerve innervates them?

A
33
Q

Tensor fascia latae:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Action

A
34
Q

Gluteus Medius:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Action

A
35
Q

Gluteus minimus:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Action

A
36
Q

What are the 6 lateral rotators of the hip?

A
37
Q

Piriformis:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation

A
38
Q

Superior gemellus & obturator internus:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation

A
39
Q

Inferior gemellus & quadratus femoris:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation

A
40
Q

What muscle divides the greater sciatic foramen into superior and inferior parts?

A

Piriformis

41
Q

What artery and nerve pass through superior sciatic foramen?

What does the nerve innervate and what does the artery supply blood to?

A
42
Q

What 6 nerves pass through the inferior sciatic foramen?

A
43
Q

What 2 vessels pass through the inferior sciatic foramen?

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57
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the posterior thigh? What are their primary functions and what nerve innervates them?

A
58
Q

Semitendinosus:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

A
59
Q

What is the pes anserenus and anserine bursa? What is common in this area?

A
60
Q

Semimembranosus:
1. Origin
2. Insertion
3. Innervation
4. Action

A
61
Q

Biceps femoris:
1. Origin (short / long head)
2. Insertion (short / long head)
3. Innervation (short / long)
4. Action

A
62
Q

What is the insertion point of the biceps femoris associated with?

A

Associated with a small bursa - Separates biceps femoris tendon from lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

63
Q

What is the popliteal fossa and what structures pass through it?

A
64
Q

What are the two major nerves of the posterior thigh?

A
  1. Sciatic Nerve
  2. Posterior cutaneous nerve
65
Q

What are the 2 parts of the sciatic nerve, and what do they innervate?

A
66
Q

What does the posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh innervate?

A
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Anatomy 0503 (9 decks)

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