Lecture 14: Thorax III - The Heart Flashcards
What is the heart?
The heart is a double muscular
pump; its parts function together
to deliver oxygenated blood to
the tissues of the body
What is the function of the right side of the heart? What type of circulation?
receives poorly oxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs
Pulmonary circulation
What is the function of the left side of the heart? What type of circulation?
LEFT SIDE OF HEART: receives richly oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the tissues of the body
Systemic circulation
What is the pericardial sac (pericardium)? What are its 2 layers?
the double-walled membrane that surrounds the heart and the root of the great vessels
- Fibrous pericardium
- Serous pericardium
What is the fibrous pericardium? What does it attach to inferiorly?
▪ FIBROUS PERICARDIUM: tough, fibrous, outer layer that attaches inferiorly to the diaphragm
What is the serous pericardium, and its 2 layers?
▪ SEROUS PERICARDIUM: inner, serous membrane; two layers
-Parietal layer
-Visceral layer
Describe location of the parietal and visceral layers of pericardium.
-Parietal layer: lines internal surface of fibrous pericardium
-Visceral layer: adheres directly to the surface of the hear
What is the pericardial cavity?
▪ PERICARDIAL CAVITY: the potential space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium
What is inside the pericardial cavity, and its function?
Small amount of serous fluid
Reduces friction as the heart moves in the pericardial sac
What can cause an accumulation of substances in the pericardial cavity?
Injury or pathology
Identify indicated structures
Identify indicated structures
Describe the location and shape of the heart
LOCATION: the heart is located in the middle mediastinum to the left of midline and posterior to the sternum, costal cartilages, and ribs 3-5
SHAPE: the heart is shaped like a pyramid
Describe the location of the apex, and base of the heart
*Apex: directed anteriorly and to the left (primarily left ventricle)
*Base: posterior aspect of the heart (primarily left atrium)
What are the 4 surfaces of the heart, and what anatomical structure they coincide with?
SURFACES:
*Anterior (sternocostal): primarily R ventricle
*Inferior (diaphragmatic): primarily L ventricle
*Left (pulmonary): primarily L ventricle
*Right (pulmonary): primarily R atrium
What are the 4 borders of the heart, and what structures are they composed of?
BORDERS OF THE HEART:
*RIGHT: formed by the R atrium
*INFERIOR: formed primarily by the R ventricle (and some L ventricle)
*LEFT: formed primarily by left ventricle (and some L atrium)
*SUPERIOR: formed by R/L atria and great vessels
Identify indicated structures
What are the 3 sulci of the heart?
- Coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus
- Anterior Interventricular Sulcus
- Posterior Interventricular sulcus
Location of the coronary (atrioventricular) sulcus?
Location of anterior interventricular sulcus
Location of posterior interventricular sulcus?D
What are the 5 great vessels of the heart?
- Superior vena cava
- Inferior vena cava
- Pulmonary trunk
- Pulmonary veins
- Aorta
Function and location of superior vena cava:
type of blood, from which body areas?
returns deoxygenated blood to the R atrium from the head, neck, upper limb, and thorax;
located along superior portion of right border of heart
Function and location of inferior vena cava:
type of blood, from which body areas?
returns deoxygenated blood to the R atrium from the abdomen, pelvis, and lower limb; located along inferior portion of right border of heart
Function and location of pulmonary trunk:
type of blood, divides into…
carries deoxygenated blood from
the right ventricle; located in the superior mediastinum; divides into R/L pulmonary arteries
Function and location of pulmonary veins:
type of blood, from where to where, how many
carry oxygenated blood from the
lungs to the L atrium; typically, two on either side
Identify indicated structures
Identify indicated structures
What are the three sections of the Aorta?
- Ascending aorta
- Arch of aorta
- Descending / thoracic aorta
Funcion of the aorta?
carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle; branches of the aorta are the blood supply to all tissues in the body
Where is the ascending aorta?
the first portion of the aorta, which extends vertically from the superior portion of the L ventricle
Location and function of the Arch of Aorta
the second portion of the aorta, which arches from right to left; major branches to head, neck, and upper limbs
What three major artery branches diverge from the aortic arch?
- Brachiocephalic trunk
- L Common Carotid Artery
- L Subclavian Artery
What 2 arteries arise from the brachiocephalic trunk?
- R Common Carotid
- R Subclavian
Destination of blood in R and L common carotid?
to the right side of the head / neck
to the left side of head / neck
Bloodflow in L and R subclavian artery
To left upper limb and right upper limb
Location and fuction of descending / thoracic aorta
the third portion of the aorta,
which courses through thoracic cavity; supplies thoracic wall
(continuous with abdominal aorta
Identify the indicated structures