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A&P Spring '14 Test 4 > Lecture 26 5/8/14 > Flashcards

Lecture 26 5/8/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Mammary Glands

A

the female breast and it’s associated tissue

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2
Q

Suspensory Ligaments of Cooper

A

run between skin and deep fascia - support. Made of collagen fibers as it gains in size it stretches out; Helps to support the breast

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3
Q

Tubuloalveolar Ducts

A

glandular tissue - produce milk

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4
Q

Lactation

A

milk production

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5
Q

15-20 lobes contain what?

A

fat and glandular tissue

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6
Q

Steps of Prolactin Milk Production

A

Prolactin -> Alveoli -> secondary tubules -> mammary ducts -> ampulla -> lactiferous ducts -> nipple

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7
Q

Ampulla

A

Filled with Milk

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8
Q

Pectoralis Major

A

Behind the breast tissue

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9
Q

Oxytocin

A

Bonding hormone

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10
Q

Let down Reflex

A

Suckling receptors in nipple and areola stimulate posterior pituitary to release oxytocin; Also happens when the woman thinks about their baby or hear a baby.

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11
Q

Fertilization happens where?

A

happens in the 1/3 of fallopian tube

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12
Q

Zygote has how many chromosomes?

A

46 Chromosomes

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13
Q

Development

A

a sequence of events, starting with fertilization of the egg and ending with parturition.

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14
Q

Gamete is what?

A

ova/sperm, haploid, 23C

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15
Q

Meiosis

A

specialized cell division producing sibling cells that received 1/2 or the haploid number of chromosomes

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16
Q

Fertilization

A

joining of the two gametes to form the zygote.

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17
Q

Monozygotic

A

identical twins (maternal)

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18
Q

Dizygotic

A

fraternal twins

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19
Q

Cleavage

A

a sequence of divisions that end at contact with the uterine wall.

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20
Q

Morula

A

solid mass of cell

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21
Q

Implantation happens when?

A

7 days after Ovulation, which is in total 21 days.

adhesion of the blastocyst to the uterine cell wall. Takes a week for it to travel down.

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22
Q

Ovulation happens when?

A

Day 14

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23
Q

Fertilization happens when?

A

3 days after ovulation

24
Q

Syncytial Trophobast

A

produces HCG; Tells the corpus luteum to continue to produce more progesterone.

25
Q

Inner Cell Blast

A

development of the baby

26
Q

Chorion

A

a sac surrounding or lying outside the amniotic sac. Transports nutrients and O2 between embryo and trophoblast.

27
Q

Placental Formation

A

by end of “3rd Week” the chorion sends out villi that invaginate into the endometrium.

Blood vessels of the chorion pass close to endometrial blood vessels for exchange of gases and nutrients.

As embryo continues to grow only part of the chorion remains attached to the endometrium. This is the placenta.

28
Q

Decidua Basalis

A

the portion of the endometrium below the placenta

29
Q

Decidua Capsularis

A

The endometrium surround the free floating chorionic membrane

30
Q

Chorion (Placenta Portion)

A

has a projection running to a central stalk for the umbilicus

31
Q

Umbilical Arteries

A

unoxygenated; Blue in color

32
Q

Umbilical Vein

A

sending blood; Red in color

33
Q

Function Of Placenta

A

supply fetus with O2 and nutrients, carry away CO2 and waste.

34
Q

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

A

Produced by placenta -> maintains corpus luteum for 1st 3 months of pregnancy. Then the placenta produces estrogens and progesterone to maintain endometrium.

35
Q

Corpus Luteum

A

produces hormones for the first trimester and after the placenta takes over for the job. Miscarriages after expulsion for the uterus.

36
Q

Describe the formation of Blastodise

A

The formation of a 3 layers of the blastodise.

Specific cells of the epiblast move toward the center of the blastodisc towards a line called the primitive streak.

These cells migrate to a space between the epiblast and hypoblast to form the 3rd layer.

37
Q

Name the 3 Germ Layers

A

Ectoderm

Mesoderm

Endoderm

38
Q

Ectoderm

A

integumentary system, digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system. Outer layer

39
Q

Mesoderm

A

muscular, skeletal, lymphatic, cardiovascular, urinary, reproductive, Endocrine. Middle layer

40
Q

Endoderm

A

parts of digestive, respiratory, urinary-bladder; Reproductive gametes. Inner Layer

41
Q

Neurulation

A

the embryological process responsible for CNS development. Notocord development.

42
Q

Organogenesis

A

organ formation

43
Q

Embryo vs. Fetus

A

0-3 months - Embryo

3rd - 9th - Fetus

44
Q

Extraembryionic Membranes

A

Yolk Sac

Amnion

Allantois

45
Q

Yolk Sac

A

1st to appear, 1st site of blood cell formation

46
Q

Amnion

A

made of mesoderm and ectoderm, produces and contains the amniotic fluid; it cushions and hydrates

47
Q

Allantois

A

an outpocketing of endoderm from the yolk sac. Forms urinary bladder

48
Q

What are the 3 membranes when the water breaks?

A

Amnion -> Chorion -> Capsularis

49
Q

3 Stages of Labor?

A

Dilation

Expulsion

Placental

50
Q

Dilation

A

onset of true labor, cervix dilates, fetus travels down cervical canal. 8 hours. Have to be 10 cm in diameter

51
Q

Expulsion

A

birth of the baby. 45 min. Parturtion - expulsion of the fetus

52
Q

Placental

A

uterine contractions eject placenta. - 20 min after delivery of baby

53
Q

Name the hormones involved in labor

A

Oxytocin

Prostaglandins

Relaxin

54
Q

Oxytocin

A

From posterior pituitary from hypothalamic stimulation from increased levels of estrogen and uterine stretch.

55
Q

Prostaglandins

A

cause smooth muscle contraction

56
Q

Relaxin

A

softens ligaments for pelvic expansion driving fetal development and delivery.

A&P Spring '14 Test 4 (5 decks)

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