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A&P Spring '14 Test 4 > Lecture 25 5/6/14 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 5/6/14 Flashcards

1
Q

Endometrium

A

inner layer; sloughs off during female cycle (menstruation)

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2
Q

Myometrium

A

smooth muscle, middle thicker wall

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3
Q

Serosa

A

Nothing more than the peritoneum

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4
Q

Internal OS

A

part of the cervix; fleshy structure

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5
Q

Vagina

A

muscular tube extending from cervix to the external genitalia with a pH of 3.5-4.5 which is slightly acidic.

Approx 3-4 inches long

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6
Q

Acidity Level of the Vagina

A

pH of 3.5-4.5

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7
Q

Fornix

A

Shallow recess around periphery of cervix

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8
Q

Vaginal Walls Contain what?

A

A network of blood vessels, layers of smooth muscle and moistened by secretions of the cervix and other glands

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9
Q

Hymen

A

A thin epithelial fold that can partially or completely block the vaginal entrance. It can be torn through physical or sexual activity. It can be a complete covering, but then during certain periods the seal can be broken

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10
Q

External Genitalia

A

Collectively knowns as the vulva

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11
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Elevations of adipose tissue covered by pubic hair over the pubic symphasis.

Has some sebaceous glands

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12
Q

Labia Majora (Homologous to the male scrotum

A

two longitudinal folds of skin that extend inferiorly from mons pubis. Contains adipose tissue. Sebaceous and sweat glands here.

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13
Q

Labia Minora

A

Medial to Majora. Two folds of skin devoid of adipose tissue and hair. Thinner inner folds that are hairless and contain no fat.

Secretes sebum from sebaceous glands

Release a musky odor

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14
Q

Clitoris (Homologous to male Penis)

A

small mass of erectile tissue located at the anterior junction of the labia minora. Not much of erectile like the males.

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15
Q

Prepuce (foreskin) of Vagina

A

part of the minora covering the clitoris. The clitoris enlarges during sexual arousal

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16
Q

Vestibule

A

Cleft or space between the labia minora

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17
Q

Urethral Orifice

A

inferior and posterior to the clitoris between the minora.

Opening for the urethra

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18
Q

Vaginal Orifice

A

Located posterior to urethra orifice.

Opening of the vagina

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19
Q

Skene’s Glands

A

on either side of urethra orifice. Serous Lubricant

Secrete Mucous

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20
Q

Bartholin’s Glands

A

On either side of vaginal orifice

Secrete Mucous

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21
Q

Do Menstrual and Ovarian Cycle happen at the same time?

A

Yes

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22
Q

Puberty Starts at what age?

A

10-12 years old

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23
Q

Why does Hormones start earlier in most girls

A

Hormones from food, milk, and plastics that attribute to the earlier puberty stage.

24
Q

Bladder is located where?

A

Down in front and the uterus is on the back

25
Q

Female Orgasm

A

The dipping of the uterus into the ejaculatory which helps facilitate with the fertilization.

26
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A

A series of events that occur over a period of 28 days that relate to the maturation and release of ovum (egg).

400,000 eggs when a girl is born

Starts out with 2 million during the first trimester of gestation

27
Q

Oogenesis

A

the process of formation of the female ovum

28
Q

Endometrial Perspective is what?

A

The lining of the endometrium

29
Q

Day 1-5 of Ovarian Cycle

A

The first day she has her period

FSH is coming from the Anterior Pituitary Gland and telling the ovary to mature

FSH stimulates about 15-25 follicles to start to mature called Primary Follicles which facilitates ovulation.

30
Q

A follicle is what?

A

A group of supporting cells with the egg in the center. Or the ovum in the center.

31
Q

Secondary Follicle Development

A

Only a few of the primary follicles make it to this next step. The rest degenerate

Zona Pellucida thickness continues to increase along with secretions of follicular fluid which begins to fill a central cavity known as the antrum

Estrogen production continues to elevate from the secondary follicle’s production

32
Q

Antrum is what?

A

Secretions of follicular fluid which begins to fill a central cavity

33
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone Releasing Factor

A

Happens during days 1-5

From the Hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce FSH causing the follicles to grow.

34
Q

Day 6-13

A

Graafian Follicle Development (Follicular Phase) is where only one of the original follicles continues to mature in this stage.

The one follicle migrates to the surface of the ovary for expulsion at midcycle

FSH is the dominant hormone at this stage, but as ovulation (expulsion of egg) nears LH amounts drastically increase due to LHRF secretions from the hypothalamus

35
Q

Graafian Follicle

A

One follicle continues to mature in this stage

36
Q

Altresia

A

The rest of the follicles degenerate

37
Q

Day 13-14

A

Ovulation happens

38
Q

Ovulation

A

High spikes of LU just prior to day 14 of the cycle causes the ovum to be released from the ovary.

Typically happens on day 14.

Only one ovary ovulates each month

39
Q

Day 15-28

A

Post Ovulatory Phase

40
Q

Post Ovulatory Phase

A

After ovulation a blood clot forms within the empty follicle and is now called the corpus hemorrhagicum

The clot is eventually reabsorbed and the follicular cells enlarge and change to form the corpus luteum, which translates to yellow body

Yellow Body begins to produce large amounts of progesterone and some estrogen. The progesterone prepares the endometrium for the fertilized egg

41
Q

What happens if the egg does not implant?

A

The corpus luteum degenerates and is now called the corpus albicans

42
Q

What happens if the egg does implant?

A

If implantation does occur, the hormones produced by the corpus luteum maintain the developing embryo for approximately 3 months, secreting estrogen and progesterone.

These hormone secretions also support maternal breast development.

43
Q

The corpus luteum is maintained by what?

A

HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

44
Q

Developing Placenta produces what?

A

HCG

45
Q

Lutenizing Hormone causes what?

A

Ovulation

46
Q

First half of the phase is called what?

A

Follicular Phase

47
Q

FSH comes from where?

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland

48
Q

Estrogen comes from where?

A

Follicles

49
Q

Second half of the Cycle

A

Anterior Pituitary Gland producing LH which then tells the Corpus Luteum to produce Progesterone

50
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

a series of events that occur over a period of 28 days that relate to the growth and degeneration of the female endometrium

51
Q

Menarche

A

The first menses or menstrual cycle experienced by a female between ages 10-12

52
Q

Menopause

A

last menses or last menstrual cycle experienced by a female between 40-55 due to decreased production of estrogen by the ovaries

53
Q

Day 1-5 of Menstrual Cycle

A

Menstrual Phase associated with the degeneration and shedding of the superficial portion of the endometrium

Shedding represents the menstrual flow of period and is comprised of blood, tissue fluid, mucous and epithelial cells. Typically lasts 5 days. Somewhere between day 4-5 menstruation stops and the endometrium is now at it’s thinnest point during the entire cycle. So thin that it isn’t viable for implantation at this point.

54
Q

Endometrium thickens due to what?

A

Estrogen

55
Q

Day 6-13 of Menstrual Cycle

A

Proliferative Phase where estrogen from the developing follicles stimulates the repair and thickening of the endometrium

Readys the ovum for implantation if fertilized

56
Q

Day 15-28 of Menstrual Cycle

A

Secretory Phase where progesterone production from the corpus luteum continues to thicken the endometrium for egg implantation

During this time the endometrial glands enlarge, producing mucous rich glycogen and the vessels elongate and become tortuous. All of this is occurring to provide nutrition for the implanted egg.

A&P Spring '14 Test 4 (5 decks)

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