Lecture 24 5/1/14 Flashcards by H T

Glans Penis

Enlarged tip of the penis

Made of the corpora spongiosum

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Corpora Spongiosum

more on the bottom

Urethra passes through

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Sexual Stimulation all 3 components fill with blood is called what?

Erection

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Prepuce of foreskin

glans penis is covered by skin (foreskin) (prepuce). Removed during circumcision

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Spermatogenesis

sperm production occurs in seminiferous tubules

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Interstitial cells of Leydig (Cross section of Seminiferous Tubule

testosterone production

Developing sperm cells

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Spermatozoa

mature sperm cells

300 million made/day

Survive in female reproductive tract for about 48 hours

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Spermatogonia

most immature sperms lye along basement membrane of seminiferous tubule.

Constantly divide; Highly Mitotic

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Sertoli Cells (Sustentacular Cells)

Called nurse cells

Support development of sperm and protect from cell antibodies.

Auto Immune response

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Cross Section of Penis

Underneath the skin and fascia are three main compartments

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3 Main Compartments of Penis

Dorsal Vein

Corpora Cavernosum

Corpora Spongiosum

Deep Artery of the Penis

Urethra

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Corpora Spongiosum

Urethra passes or travels

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Anatomy of Spermatozoa

Acrosome (top)

Head Section

Nucleaus

Neck

Mid Piece

Tail

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Acrosome (Top)

has hyaluronadase in it. Ase means enzyme.

Breaks down hyuronic acid.

Busts open when it comes in contact with the egg

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Head Section

Got the genetic material in it

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Mid Piece

Has a lot of mitochondria in it and has the foundation of the long flagellum. Flagella is nothing more than cilia

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Accessory Glands of the Male Reproductive System

Function is to secrete liquid portion of the semen

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Seminal Vesicles

2 inches long

Secretes Alkaline viscous liquid rich in fructose.

60% of semen volume.

Sperm is stored in the ampulla of the vas deferens

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Why is the seminal vesicles alkaline?

is because the vaginal vault is acidic.

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Why is the vaginal vault acidic

because it helps protect it from infection within the vaginal vault. Alkaline helps neutralize it

Prostate Gland

Chestnut size, doughnut shaped gland at the base of the urinary bladder through which the prostatic urethra passes through

Secretes alkaline fluid

13-33% of semen volume

Bulbourethal Cowpers Gland

Pea sized gland located beneath prostate gland.

Secretes mucous

Pre-Ejaculation -> lubrication of the penile urethra

Semen

Mixture of sperm and other secretions

Average volume - 2.5 to 6 ml

pH range - 7.35 - 7.50

Functions of semen

Transport medium (nutrition) to support mitotic activity

Capacitation - enzymatic activation of sperm

Mixing occurs to help flagella move

Seminalplasmin

kills bacteria destruction of the sperm

Posterior View of Vas Deferens

Ureters Ductus Deferans Seminal Vesicles Ejaculatory Ducts Ductus Deferens Seminal Vesicle Ducts Prostate Gland Prosthetic Urethra Bulbourethral Glands Penile Urethra

Anterior Pituitary of FSH

Follicle Stimulating Hormone Initiates spermatogenesis during and after puberty. In males it increases sperm production

ICSH

Interstitial Cells Stimulating Hormones aka Lutenizing Hormone Stimulates leydig cells to produce testosterone

DHT

Made from Testosterone Dihydrotestosterone Masculination hormone ie facial and body hair; Increase balding Increase male libido and aggressiveness. Anabolic

Testosterone of Testes

male androgenic hormone. Anabolic. Develop body mass and bone density

Functions of Testes

Controls Growth development and maintenance of sex organs Stimulate bone growth, protein anabolism Involved in sexual behavior and maturation of sperm Secondary sex characteristics which increase hair, increase mascularity and enlarged thyroid cartilage

Female Reproductive System

Ovaries Uterine or Fallopian Tubes Uterus or womb Vaginal Vulva Mammary Glands

Ovaries

Produce eggs The female gonad Paired glands Slightly larger than almond

Vulva

external genitalia from the outside

Location of Ovaries

Upper pelvic cavity on each side of uterus

Function of Ovaries

produce eggs and female hormones

Ovaries anchored by what two ligaments?

Ovarian Ligament Suspensory Ligament

Ovarian Ligament

attaches ovary to uterus

Suspensory Ligament

attaches lateral surface of ovary to lateral pelvic wall

Uterine or Fallopian Tube

Muscular tube by which eggs travel to uterus 5 inches long

Infundibulum

Expanded end of the Fallopian Tube Expanded end, closest to ovary

Fimbria

finger like projections and the infundibulum end that serve to catch the ovum after expulsion from ovary

Cilia

line the inside of the tube. Along with smooth muscle both propel ovum to uterus. Peristalsis movement Journey takes 3-4 days Fertilization occurs in the lateral 1/3 of the fallopian tube

Uterus

small pear shaped organ lying in the pelvic cavity Normal position is anteflexed which bend anterior over the bladder. Flexed more forward

Uterus is anchored by what?

Broad ligament Round ligament

Broad Ligament

extensive mesentary that covers both uterus and ovaries Imagine a big sheet and it is hung over the body and the sheets that come together on both sides, would be the broad ligament

Round Ligament

Arises off the lateral uterus behind and below the uterine tube. They connect anteriorly to a part of the external genitalia but to lateral wall of the pelvic cavity.

Lateral Ligament

connect the uterus to the lateral pelvic wall.