Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOC192 2024 > Lecture 25 - Fatty acids as a fuel molecules 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 25 - Fatty acids as a fuel molecules 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the basic structure of a fatty acid

A

A carbon chain (hydrophobic) attached to a carboxylic acid group (hydrophilic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are Triacylglycerols (TAG)

A

Molecules consisting of glycerol with three fatty acids attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Lipids

A

Lipids are hydrophobic
- Phospholipids
- Sterols
- TAG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is cholesterol esters

A

Cholesterol ester are cholesterol which is attached with fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What percentage of dietary lipids are TAGs

A

over 90% of lipids in food are TAG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Whta enzymes is responsible for digesting TAGs in the small intestine

A

Pancreatic lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of pancreatic lipase

A

It hydrolyses TAGS at position 1 and 3 of the glycerol backbone, releasing 2 FFAs and one monoacylglycerol (MAG)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a MAG

A

A glycerol molecule with one fatty acid attached, formed during the digestion of TAGs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do bile salts aid in fat digestions

A

They solubilise fats by forming micelles, with hydrophilic sides facing out and hydrophobic sides facing in, providing surface area for digestion in aqueous environments. TAGs inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bile salts

A
  • made from cholesterol from liver
  • Stored in gall bladder as bile, then secreted into small intestine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Exogenous fatty acid digestion

A

Is from diet
- TAGs broken into MAG and 2 FFA
- Absorption of small micelles TAGs made
- TAGs packaged into chylomicrons in epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are Lipoproteins

A

Lipoproteins are complexes that transport lipids including TAGs around the body and help solubilise them for transport in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the role of lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

A

It hydrolyses TAGs in lipoproteins into fatty acids and MAG, which enter tissues for use as fuel or storage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does a lipoprotein contain

A
  • Phospholipids
  • Unesterified cholesterol
  • Esterified cholesterol
  • TAGs
  • Apoproteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Major classes of lipoproteins

A
  • Chylomicrons - Low protein, TAG transport
  • VLDL - medium protein, TAG transport
  • LDL - cholesterol transport
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are chylomicrons

A

Lipoproteins that transport TAGs from the intestines to other tissues via the lymphatic system

17
Q

What happens to chylomicrons after they deliver TAGs to tissues

A

Chylomicrons become remnants that are taken up by the liver for recycling or further processing

18
Q

What is the primary role of VLDL

A

VLDL transports TAGs from the liver to peripheral tissues

19
Q

What does LDL primarily transport

A

LDL primarily transports cholesterol to peripheral tissues

20
Q

Why is fat a more efficient storage molecule compared to carbohydrates

A

Fatty acids are more reduced than carbohydrates, meaning they release more energy when oxidised.

21
Q

What are the primary storage sites for TAGs in the body

A

TAGs are stored in adipose tissue as the main energy reserve

22
Q

Why do red muscle cells prefer fatty as a fuel molecule

A

Red muscles are designed for endurances and tend to use fats, which provide sustained energy over long periods

23
Q

Lipoprotein Lipase

A

Hydrolyses TAG in lipoproteins.
- Highest activity in heart and skeletal muscles and adipose tissue

24
Q

How is LPL activated

A

By ApoCll on the chylomicrons

25
Q

What is the consequence of a defect in ApoCll and LPL

A

Defects lead to elevated levels of chylomicrons and plasma TAG, as TAGs cannot be properly hydrolysed and utilised by tissue

26
Q

Exogenous vs Endogenous pathway

A

Exogenous pathways involves lipids from diet, while endogenous involve lipids synthesised or recycled by liver

27
Q

What are livers role

A
  • Recycles remnants
  • Makes VLDL
  • Produced bile salts for digestion and LDL for cholesterol transport
28
Q

What is B oxidation

A

A metabolic process that breaks down fatty acids in the mitochondria Matrix to generate acetyl CoA , which enters the citric acid cycles for ATP production

29
Q

What happens to fatty acids that are not in TAGs for transport

A

Free fatty acids are bound to proteins such as albumin for transport in the blood for tissues where they are needed for energy production

30
Q

Endogenous recycling LDL pathway

A

LDL
- Hepatic lipase form LDL from VLDL

31
Q

How is LDL made

A

VLDL secretion and then VLDL remnants

BIOC192 2024 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions