Lecture 25/27/28 - Lower Limb Flashcards
The pelvic girdle is a ‘______ ___’ of bone (for weight transfer) - very strong
The pelvic girdle is a ‘complete ring’ of bone (for weight transfer) - very strong
True or false
The fibula is weight bearing
False
The gap between the Tibia and Fibula is the …
Interosseous membrane
Which muscle attaches to which bone
Illium
Pubis
Ishium
Hanstrings
Adductors
Gluteal muscles
Illium - Gluteal msucles
Ishium - Hamstrings
Pubis - adductors
The shaft of the Tibia is S_________
Subcutaneous (FRACTURES COMMON)
What is attached to the Medial malleolus (hint: its a hinge joint)
Collateral ligaments
Two _________ bones are used to create a tunnel through which other structure (nerves, BVs)
Two sesamoid bones are used to create a tunnel through which other structure (nerves, BVs)
These are numerous in the foot
The Iliofemoral ligament attaches to the ___ and ____
It allwoed maximum hip ______
The Iliofemoral ligament attaches to the Illium and femoral!
It allwoed maximum hip stability
Whats in danger with a femoral fracture? (towards the pelvis). that can lead to avascular necrosis of the head?
Blood vessels supplying the femoral head
What is the biggest nerve in the body
Sciatic Nerve (supplies most of the lower limb)
True or False
Knee joint is a simple hinge joint
False
not simple - rotation occurs
Anterior cruciate ligament stops the ____ from sliding backward, and _____from sliding forwards
Anterior cruciate ligament stops the femur from sliding backward, and tibia from sliding forwards
The Knee joint is __ synovial joints within one capsule
2
femur with tibia
femur with patella
What structure allows an increase in congruency in the knee joint
Meniscus (fibrous tissue)
Most ACL injuries are associated with _____ while weight bearing
Most ACL injuries are associated with rotation while weight bearing
Which colateral ligament of the knee is more commonly injured?
medial
Its bigger.
It blends with the medial miniscus
Minisci are made of F________
so they possess blood supply/nerve supply on the outer third
Minisci are made of Fibrocartilage
so they possess blood supply/nerve supply on the outer third
pain re:knee comes from the C____
Capsule
The _____ miniscus (beacuse its attached to the MCL) doesn’t move as far as the ______ miniscus
The medial miniscus (beacuse its attached to the MCL) doesn’t move as far as the lateralminiscus
What are the 3 structures within the knee joint which maintain normal alignment?
- Vastus medialis (pulls medially)
- medial patellar retinaculum
- raised lip on lateral femoral condyle
The Q angle (quadriceps angle) is between the quads tendon and patella tendon
quads tendon and patella tendon
Ankle joint is a H_____
Hinge joint
The ligament on the medial aspect of the ankle is the …
deltoid ligament
strong, rarely damaged
Which band (ligament) is most commonly injured in the foot?
Anterior tarlo-fibular
If the hamstring isn’t long enough it stops you from ___ __ __
touching your toes
Muscles that cross two joints are susceptible to
Strain!
deep fascia within muscle stops it from _______
expanding
Running ability is due to
big gluteous maximus muscle (powerful extensor of the hip)
Fibular muscles - run across the …
Fibula!
Gastrocnemious is a ___joint muscle
2
Standing requires almost constant contraction from the _____muscles to stop falling over to the line of gravity
Calf
Compartment syndrome:
If there is damage to an anterior compartment (surrounded by deep fascia), what must be done?
What is in danger?
Pressure needs to be released
When there is not a sufficient amount of blood to supply the muscles and nerves with oxygen and nutrients because of the raised pressure within the compartment such as the arm, leg or any enclosed space within the body and leads to nerve damage because of the lack of blood supply.
True or False
2 joint muscles can act in two different ways when performing different movmements
True
Femoral artery goes, ____ the knee
behind
The main branch of the femoral artery is the ..
Profunda Femoris
its the one in danger from a hip fracture - can squash
The (bone) bump on the ankle is the medial/lateral ________
The (bone) bump on the ankle is the medial/lateral malleolus
True or False
The femoral nerve doesn’t give off subcutaneous branches
False
