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Human Structure and Function > Lecture 25/27/28 - Lower Limb > Flashcards

Lecture 25/27/28 - Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvic girdle is a ‘______ ___’ of bone (for weight transfer) - very strong

A

The pelvic girdle is a ‘complete ring’ of bone (for weight transfer) - very strong

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2
Q

True or false

The fibula is weight bearing

A

False

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3
Q

The gap between the Tibia and Fibula is the …

A

Interosseous membrane

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4
Q

Which muscle attaches to which bone

Illium
Pubis
Ishium

Hanstrings
Adductors
Gluteal muscles

A

Illium - Gluteal msucles
Ishium - Hamstrings
Pubis - adductors

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5
Q

The shaft of the Tibia is S_________

A

Subcutaneous (FRACTURES COMMON)

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6
Q

What is attached to the Medial malleolus (hint: its a hinge joint)

A

Collateral ligaments

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7
Q

Two _________ bones are used to create a tunnel through which other structure (nerves, BVs)

A

Two sesamoid bones are used to create a tunnel through which other structure (nerves, BVs)

These are numerous in the foot

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8
Q

The Iliofemoral ligament attaches to the ___ and ____

It allwoed maximum hip ______

A

The Iliofemoral ligament attaches to the Illium and femoral!

It allwoed maximum hip stability

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9
Q

Whats in danger with a femoral fracture? (towards the pelvis). that can lead to avascular necrosis of the head?

A

Blood vessels supplying the femoral head

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10
Q

What is the biggest nerve in the body

A

Sciatic Nerve (supplies most of the lower limb)

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11
Q

True or False

Knee joint is a simple hinge joint

A

False

not simple - rotation occurs

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12
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament stops the ____ from sliding backward, and _____from sliding forwards

A

Anterior cruciate ligament stops the femur from sliding backward, and tibia from sliding forwards

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13
Q

The Knee joint is __ synovial joints within one capsule

A

2

femur with tibia
femur with patella

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14
Q

What structure allows an increase in congruency in the knee joint

A

Meniscus (fibrous tissue)

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15
Q

Most ACL injuries are associated with _____ while weight bearing

A

Most ACL injuries are associated with rotation while weight bearing

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16
Q

Which colateral ligament of the knee is more commonly injured?

A

medial

Its bigger.
It blends with the medial miniscus

17
Q

Minisci are made of F________

so they possess blood supply/nerve supply on the outer third

A

Minisci are made of Fibrocartilage

so they possess blood supply/nerve supply on the outer third

18
Q

pain re:knee comes from the C____

A

Capsule

19
Q

The _____ miniscus (beacuse its attached to the MCL) doesn’t move as far as the ______ miniscus

A

The medial miniscus (beacuse its attached to the MCL) doesn’t move as far as the lateralminiscus

20
Q

What are the 3 structures within the knee joint which maintain normal alignment?

A
  1. Vastus medialis (pulls medially)
  2. medial patellar retinaculum
  3. raised lip on lateral femoral condyle
21
Q

The Q angle (quadriceps angle) is between the quads tendon and patella tendon

A

quads tendon and patella tendon

22
Q

Ankle joint is a H_____

A

Hinge joint

23
Q

The ligament on the medial aspect of the ankle is the …

A

deltoid ligament

strong, rarely damaged

24
Q

Which band (ligament) is most commonly injured in the foot?

A

Anterior tarlo-fibular

25
Q

If the hamstring isn’t long enough it stops you from ___ __ __

A

touching your toes

26
Q

Muscles that cross two joints are susceptible to

A

Strain!

27
Q

deep fascia within muscle stops it from _______

A

expanding

28
Q

Running ability is due to

A

big gluteous maximus muscle (powerful extensor of the hip)

29
Q

Fibular muscles - run across the …

A

Fibula!

30
Q

Gastrocnemious is a ___joint muscle

A

2

31
Q

Standing requires almost constant contraction from the _____muscles to stop falling over to the line of gravity

A

Calf

32
Q

Compartment syndrome:

If there is damage to an anterior compartment (surrounded by deep fascia), what must be done?

What is in danger?

A

Pressure needs to be released

When there is not a sufficient amount of blood to supply the muscles and nerves with oxygen and nutrients because of the raised pressure within the compartment such as the arm, leg or any enclosed space within the body and leads to nerve damage because of the lack of blood supply.

33
Q

True or False

2 joint muscles can act in two different ways when performing different movmements

A

True

34
Q

Femoral artery goes, ____ the knee

A

behind

35
Q

The main branch of the femoral artery is the ..

A

Profunda Femoris

its the one in danger from a hip fracture - can squash

36
Q

The (bone) bump on the ankle is the medial/lateral ________

A

The (bone) bump on the ankle is the medial/lateral malleolus

37
Q

True or False

The femoral nerve doesn’t give off subcutaneous branches

A

False

Human Structure and Function (12 decks)

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