Lecture 19

Question 1

Osteoarthritis involves the formation of_____

Answer 1

bone spurs

Question 2

The specialised vascular circiulation that feeds the Liver is called the?

Answer 2

The Portal System

Question 3

what are some structures that are avascular?

Answer 3

Epidermis

Surface epithelium

Articular Cartilage

Question 4

Descibe the layers in the walls of artery

Answer 4

Intima: endothelium

Media: smooth muscle (receive brances from the Sympathetic NS, motor system, contraction etc..)

Adventitia:Fibrous tissue

Question 5

The main arteries run in _____ compartments

Answer 5

Flexor

for protection

Question 6

What does arteriae Nervorum mean?

Answer 6

Artery going to a nerve

Question 7

Anastomoses occure where this is a..

When are these likely to occur?

Answer 7

Linking of arteries or arterioles,

collatteral

occur in highly vascular organs (muscle) and around joints

Question 8

Kidney is made up of ______segments..

Answer 8

Vascular

Question 9

Should a person have a longstanding narrowing of coronary arteries, what will happen over time?

Answer 9

Functional end arterieos may open up and form anastomosis

If heart attack is sudden however, there won’t be enough time to change the blood distribution

Question 10

What is an embolus?

Answer 10

An embolus is any detached, traveling intravascular mass (solid, liquid, or gaseous) carried by circulation, which is capable of clogging arterial capillary beds (create an arterial occlusion) at a site distant from its point of origin.

Question 11

Why is the venous lumen large?

Answer 11

because pressure is lower on the venous side of ciruclation.

and 70% of all circulating volume is on the venous side,

so vein that colect, need to be larger (large lumen)

Question 12

Valves direct the flow of blood…

Answer 12

Against grvity in limbs

and

from Superficial to deep

Question 13

True or False.

There are no valves in deep veins of the trunk (thorax, abdomena and pelvis)

Answer 13

True

can flow in both direction, dependant of pressure, blockages etc…

Question 14

The advantages of coupling veins and arteries (in a counter-current mechanism) are?

Answer 14

Conserving heat

Question 15

What is the mechanism of the Thoracic pump as a means of venous blood flow?

Answer 15

Pressure differences between the abdomen and thorax changes over inspiration and expiration.

Question 16

During inspiration venous return from the ______ and ______, is dragged into the heart

During expiration, the _____gets lengtherned as the diaphargm comes _______, facilitiating increased return from the adbdomen into the ______side of the heart via the IVC

Answer 16

During inspiration venous return from the Upper limbs and head, is dragged into the heart

During expiration, the IVC gets lengtherned as the diaphargm comes upwards, facilitiating increased return from the adbdomen into the right side of the heart via the IVC

Question 17

Subcutaneous veins - no muscle support

What are perforating veins?

Answer 17

direct flow from subcutaneous to deep veins

Question 18

What is the mechanism of Lymph flow though lympth vessels?

Answer 18

1. Carry lymph and foreign materials to lymph nodes where it is filtered and exposed to defence cells
2. Lymph returned to the circulation (via veins of the neck)
3. Lymph capillaries drain into lymphatics and lymph trunks
4. 1-Way valves direct flow

Question 19

Where are the 3 major sites of lymph nodes?

Answer 19

Neck(Cervical)

Armpit (Axillary)

Groin (inguinal)

Question 20

Addition sites of lymphoid tissue:

______- from upper thorax into the neck.

Spleen (creates and kills ______)

______(entrance to larynx)

Peyer’s patches (in the ______ of the GI Tract)

Answer 20

Addition sites of lymphoid tissue

Thymus - from upper thorax into the neck.

Spleen (creates and kills blood cells)

Tonsils (entrance to larynx)

Peyer’s patches (in the mucosa of the GI Tract)