lecture 24 Flashcards
The anatomy of respiratory system
Air flow enters:
1. Nasal cavity –> filters and conditions air
2. Pharynx —> shared tube for air and food
3. Larynx —> at the bottom of the pharynx, voice box
BRANCH POINT: splits into two (trachea and esophagus)
4. Trachea—> air goes into trachea and splits into 2 bronchi
5. Left and right bronchi —> split into smaller and smaller bronchioles
6. Bronchioles —> split into teeny tiny terminal bronchioles
7. Alveoli –> air sacs, site of gas exchange
anything below the larynx we are considering the ________
lower respiratory system
Main functions of the respiratory system
- Gas exchange: O2 uptake and CO2 release
- Homeostatic regulation of body pH: how much CO2 your expelling vs. how how your retaining can help regulate blood pH
- Conditioning inspired air: filtering it and adding water vapor
- Protection: filtering and clearing foreign particles
- vocalization: Larynx
Ventilation
moving the respiratory medium over the respiratory surface (that’s inhaling and exhaling)
Inspiration
air moves into lungs
Expiration
air moves out of lungs
The steps of external respiration
- exchange between atmosphere and lungs: trading in O2 and CO2 out
- exchange between lungs (alveoli) to blood: short diffusion distance because they are one cell layer thick
- exchange between blood to tissues: carting O2 to tissues that need stand taking CO2 away
lungs are located in _____________
thoracic cavity
which lung is smaller and why
the left lung and because of the cardiac notch
Rib cage
- protects lungs and the muscles connecting your ribs to pull ribs up and out when they contract which will increase the volume of thoracic cavity which will allow you to breath
What muscles are used in normal quiet inspiration
- external intercostals (
- diaphragm
What muscles are recruited in during forced inspiration
- sternocleidomastoids
- scalene
how to increase volume of thoracic cavity
- external intercostals will contract and will pull rib cage up and out
- diaphragm will contract and move down and flattens
The pleural membranes
- the parietal membrane: sticks to the rib cage and the wall of thoracic cavity, so when your ribs expand and move out the parietal membrane will too
- the visceral membrane: sticks to the organ itself, it is stuck to the elastic tissue of the lungs
- intrapleural fluid has a polar nature and adhesive nature so you can’t rip the two membranes apart
What happens when there is a puncture in sealed space
- lung would collapse because we pulled the visceral membrane and lung tissue away from parietal membrane because there is air in the sales space
- this is called pneumothorax