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BPK 205 > Lecture 23 > Flashcards

Lecture 23 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is ____ of total body weight

A
  • 7%
  • 5L in men
  • 4L in women
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2
Q

Blood

A
  • a connective tissue with very water extracellular matrix (1/4 of ECF) and cellular elements
  • RBC (erythrocytes) —> gas transport
  • WBC (leukocytes) —-> serve different immune functions
  • platelets (thrombocytes) —> important for clotting and hemostasis. They used to be cells and then got broken into tiny little bits
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3
Q

How can blood components be separated

A

If we take a sample of blood and put it into a small capillary tube and spin it really quickly by the process of centrifugation heavy stuff will settle and light stuff will stay suspended in the solution

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4
Q

Hematocrit

A

Tells us about our red blood cell count

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5
Q

If RBC count is low you can be diagnosed with _____

A

Anemia

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6
Q

Hematopoeisis

A
  • Synthesis of new blood cells occur in red bone marrow of pelvis, ribs, cranium and proximal ends of flat bone
  • within active bone marrow 25% of the developing cells will become RBCs and 75% will become WBCs because we don’t need as many RBCs and we synthesize WBCs more often
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7
Q

Pluripotent hematopoietic cell

A

A pool of cells that can divide and differentiate and become any one of RBC, WBC or platelet

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8
Q

Megakaryocyte

A
  • plate that gets smashed into platelets
  • a large cells that has started mitosis many times but never finished and then is smashed and we get platelets
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9
Q

Cytokines

A

Controls the production and development on blood cells
- erythropoietin is synthesized by the kidneys and goes to red bone marrow and turns up production for RBCS
- thrombopoietin is synthesized by the liver and increases differentiation of megakaryocytes and platelet production

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10
Q

WBC and RBC life span

A

WBC: 6-12 hours
RBC: 120 days

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11
Q

What happens when there’s low O2 level in arterial blood

A

Hypoxia

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12
Q

Name 2 cytokines and their functions

A
  1. erythropoietin: synthesized by the kidneys and goes onto bone marrow and turns up production of erythrocytes
  2. thrombopoietin: synthesized by the liver and influences growth of megakaryocytes and platelets
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13
Q

RBCs

A
  • job is to cart oxygen around the whole body therefore they are packed with oxygen binding protein called hemoglobin
  • 120 day lifespan
  • biconcave and bendy
  • no nucleus or mitochondria
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14
Q

hemoglobin

A
  • has 4 subunits and at the center of each of these subunits contains a chemical structure called a porphyrin and at the center of this ring is iron which is the oxygen binding site
  • can carry 4 oxygen molecules
  • is cooperative (binds none or all)
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15
Q

Formation of a platelet plug

A
  • due to damaged vessel elements like collagen are exposed to inside of vessel
  • collagen is sticky so it sticks to platelets and releases platelet factors
  • platelet factors recruit more platelets so that all those small bits of platelets can stick together and form a tiny bandaid solution called a platelet plug
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16
Q

2 ways we can loose RBC

A
  1. Accelerated RBC loss
    - blood loss
    - hemolytic anemia (RBC are destroyed faster than they are made: sickle cell anemia (genetic) —> 1 amino acid substitution that bust RBC, RBC is no longer round and biconcave and malaria (acquired) —> carried by mosquitoes and if you have sickle cell anemia you are protected
  2. Decreased RBC production
    - aplastic anemia (drugs or radiation)
    - dietary insufficiencies (iron, folic acid or vitamin B12 deficiencies)
17
Q

Buffy layer

A

Platelets and WBC between RBC and plasma

18
Q

Totipotent

A

Can become any type of cell in the body

19
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

When RBCs are being destroyed faster than they are made

20
Q

The coagulation cascade

A

Intrinsic pathway (from within)
- we don’t need anything other than what’s already present in the vessel
- cascade involving plasma proteins that is initiated my exposure of sticky collagen which will activate a series of coagulation factors

Extrinsic pathway (from outside)
- we need something from outside the vessel which is tissue factor
- tissue factor leaks in from ruptured vessel and activates a series of coagulation factors

MERGE POINT
- both pathways will merge to lead to activation of factor 10
- activated factor 10 will convert inactive prothrombin to thrombin
- thrombin will then convert soluble fibrinogen to insoluble fibrin
- insoluble fibrin will stick to itself and form a cross linked protein mesh net over the surface of the injury and this will trap RBC which is our clot

21
Q

Hemostasis

A
  • vasoconstriction because we want to send less blood
  • platelet plug
  • coagulation cascade
  • fibrinolysis
22
Q

Fibrinolysis

A
  • tissue is repaired and clot is dissolved due to enzyme plasmin which will return insoluble fibrin to soluble fibrinogen
23
Q

What are antigens

A

If you have those antigens you can receive that type of blood

24
Q

What does the +/- associated with your blood type refer too

A

It refers to whether you carry the rhesus factor antigen

25
Q

You naturally produce antibodies to the antigens you don’t have

A

True, but does not apply to Rh

26
Q

Why cant O receive blood from blood type B

A

Because they produce antibodies against A and B
Blood will agglutinate

27
Q

What blood type is the universal done

A

O- because they don’t have antigens

28
Q

What blood type is the universal acceptor

A

AB+ because they don’t have plasma antibodies

29
Q

Rh factor incompatibility during pregnancy

A
  • you do not naturally produce Rh antibodies unless exposed to it
  • so if dad is Rh+ and mom is Rh-, but fetus is Rh+ —> Rh antigens from fetus can enter mothers blood during delivery and in response she will develop antibodies to Rh+
  • so if she gets pregnant again with and Rh+ child the antibodies she was will attack the fetal blood
  • to prevent inject mother with anti Rh antibodies before birth of first child

BPK 205 (31 decks)

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