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GU > Lecture 23: Pathology of the ovary and uterus > Flashcards

Lecture 23: Pathology of the ovary and uterus Flashcards

1
Q

Classification of tumours based of cell of origin?

epithelial, lymphoid, melanocytic, mesenchymal?

A

epithelial - carcinoma

lymphoid - lymphoma

melanocytic - melanoma

mesenchymal - sarcoma

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2
Q

what is Metaplasia?

A

Benign change of cells to a form that does not occur in the tissue which it is found

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3
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

abnormal development of cells

indicative of an early neoplastic process

Typically used when the cellular abnormality is restricted to the originating tissue, as in the case of an early in situ neoplasm

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4
Q

The normal ovary?

A
  • at birth about 400 000 primordial follicles that are dormant until puberty
  • one of the 20 or so follicles that begins to mature every cycle will be dominant and will reach maturity and be released.
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5
Q

Primary tumours of the ovary?

A
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6
Q

Ovary non neoplastic, pre-malignant, benign, and malignant tumours?

A
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7
Q

Fallopian tube overview?

A

9-11cm long

Free/fimbrial end not attached to ovary

3-4mm in diameter

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8
Q

Fallopian tube structure and function?

A

Fimbriae align over ruptured follicle at ovulation

ovum enters the FT

fertilization orrurs within the lumen

blastocyct moves (ciliated epithelial cells help movement) and implants in the uterine wall

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9
Q

Fallopian tube non neoplastic, pre-malignant, benign, and malignant tumours?

A

Tubal intraepithelial carcinoma is dysplasia of the lining epithelium that can lead to malignant carcinoma.

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10
Q

Location of Fallopian tube tumours?

A

Most arise from the distal FT or the Fimbrial end

The majority arise from the epithelial lining

They are often diagnosed late

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11
Q

The normal uterus is composed of?

A

Fundus

Body

Cervix

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12
Q

Endometrium structure and function?

A
  • Sits on the muscular myometrium
  • Contains hormone receptors for oestrogen and progesterone
  • develops and sheds under the influence of o and p
  • following menopause become inactive
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13
Q

Oestrogen causes =

progesterone causes =

A

proliferation phase

secretory phase

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14
Q

Endometrium: non neoplastic, pre-malignant, benign, and malignant tumours?

A
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15
Q

Myometrium: non neoplastic, pre-malignant, benign, and malignant tumours?

A
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16
Q

cervix outline?

A

The lower narrow portion of the uterus

Protudes through into the upper vagina

17
Q

Label epethelial type and name of region?

A

A = squamous epithelium (ectocervix)

B = endocervical canal (endocervix)

C = glandular epithelium (transformation zone)

18
Q

Cervical: non neoplastic, pre-malignant, benign, and malignant tumours?

A
19
Q

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)?

A

Dysplasia or intraepithelial lesion

low grade = CIN 1

High grade = CIN 2 and CIN 3

20
Q

What defines it as pre-cancer

A

It is neoplastic (cancerous) but is confined to the epithelium so doesn’t go past the basement membrane

The epithelium doesn’t have blood vessels and so these calls can NOT metastasize

Surgical removal will CURE the patient

21
Q

Development of CIN?

A

The grade of cancer depends on the extent of the atypia

Further mutuations may occur that allow invasion through the basement membrane into the surrounding stroma

This then has potntial to metastisize

22
Q

What is HPV?

A
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease in both men and women worldwide
  • Clinical conditions range from innocuous lesions to cancer.
  • High-risk HPV types (especially HPV-16 and HPV-18) are associated with cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
23
Q

Other factors that can lead to cervical cancer with HPV?

A
  • High viral loads, HPV variants, infections with multiple high-risk HPV types and genetic predisposition
  • sexual behaviour (e.g. number of sexual partners, age of first sexual activity), smoking, longterm oral contraceptive use, immunosuppression, and presence of other sexually transmitted agents
24
Q

Does Sam Leary like anal?

A

Yes

GU (28 decks)

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