Lecture 23 chapter 22

Question 1

Antigen

Answer 1

molecules that elicit an immune reaction

Question 2

antibody

Answer 2

proteins that binds to antigens and mark them for destruction by phagocytic cells

Question 3

humoral immunity

Answer 3

the production of antibodies by B cells

• circulating Ags are identified and targeted
• cells producing these antigens are then targeted for destruction by macrophages

Question 4

cellular immunity

Answer 4

depends on T cells
- directed against cells infected with a pathogen and expressing the pathogen’s protein, i.e. the antibody on the host cell surface

Question 5

clonal selection

Answer 5

primary response, memory cells, secondary response

Question 6

somatic recombination

Answer 6

the generation of Antibody diversity

• MHC genes
• genes and organ transplants
• gene encoding segments (domains) are diverse and reshuffled to produce an immense variety of segmental combinations
• diversity increased by differing combination of light and heavy chains, occasional deletions of nucleotides at the segment junctions junctions, and high mutation rates in the immunoglobulin genes

Question 7

Immune rejection

Answer 7

Organ transplant requires genetic match
- MHC antigens
- the greater the mismatch, the stronger the immune rejection
- rejection partially inhibited by drugs
ABO red blood cells antigens also important

Question 8

Asthma

Answer 8

a farming environment protects against development of asthma, hay fever, and atopic sensitization in children

Question 9

Hygiene hypothesis

Answer 9

proposed by strachan

• to explain the increased prevalence of hay fever and eczema in families with small size, and higher standards of cleanliness.
• regarding the rural lifestyle, several epidemiological studies in children have shown an inverse association between growing up on a farm and atopic diseases

Question 10

SCID

Answer 10

severe combined immunodeficiency

-defect in T and B cell function

Question 11

Guthrie Card

Answer 11

Whole exomes on Dried blood spots

- pu 2 x3 mm punch from blood spot, extract DNA –> ~600 ng/2 punchs –> whole exome sequence

Question 12

What diseases and disorders are not found by TRECs at birth?

Answer 12

• MHC II deficiency
• WAS
• ZAP70 deficiency
• delayed onset ADA SCID (with residual ADA function)
• IPEX
• B cell defects, granulocyte defects…