Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Genetics- Katie > Chapter 15,16,17 Lecture 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 15,16,17 Lecture 17 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What disease are the Hutterites effected by>

A

Bowen-Conradi Syndrome

  • results from defective ribosome biosynthesis affecting the process of translation
  • Emg1 is essential for 40S ribosome subunit biogenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

one gene, one enzyme hypothesis

A

-Beadle and Tatum 1941

0 genes function by encoding enzymes, andeach gene encodes a separate enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

auxotrophic mutation 103 grows on minimal medium supplemented with A, B, or C. Mutation 106 grows on medium supplemented with A and C, but not B; and mutation 102 grows only on medium supplemented with C. what is the order of A, B, C, in a biochemical pathway?

A

B –> A –> C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

structure and function of proteins

A
  • proteins are polymers consisting of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
    amino acid sequence is its primary structure
  • this structure folds to create secondary and tertiary structures
  • 2 or more polypeptide shians associate to form quaternary structure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What primarily determines the secondary and tertiary structure?

A

the primary structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a codon is

a. one of three nucleotides that encode an amino acid
b. three nucleotides that encode an amino acid
c. three amino acids that encode a nucleotide
d. one of four bases in DNA

A

b. three nucleotides that encode an amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

degenerate code

A

amino acid may be specified by more than one codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

synonymous codons

A

codons that specify the same amino acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

isoaccepting tRNAs

A

different tRNAs that accept the same amino acid but have different anticodons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

sense codons

A

encoding amino acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

initiation codon

A

AUG methionine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

termination codon

A

UAA, UAG, UGA

- stop codons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

through wobble, a single ___ can pair with more than one ___

a. codon; anticodon
b. group of three nucleotides in DNA: codon in mRNA
c. tRNA; amino acid
d. anticodon; codon

A

d. anticodon; codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

reading frame

A

3 ways in which the sequence can be read in groups of three;

-each different way of reading encodes a different amino acid sequence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

nonoverlapping

A

a single nucleotide may not be included in more than one codon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

universality of the codon

A

near universal, with some exceptions

17
Q

Do the initiation and termination codons specify an amino acid? if so which one?

A

initiation does
- bacteria = n-formylmethionine
eukaroytes = methionine

18
Q

amino acids bind to which part of the tRNA?

a. anticodon
b. DHU arm
c. 3’ end
d. 5’ end

A

c. 3’ end

19
Q

during the initiation of translation, the small ribosome binds to which consensus sequence in bacteria?

A

the Shine-Dalgarno sequence

20
Q

What sequence facilitates the identification of the start codon?

A

the Kozak sequence

21
Q

The initiation of translation requires what?

A

initiation factors

  • IF-3
  • initiator tRNA with N-formylmethionine attached to form fmet-tRNA
  • GTP (energy molecule)
22
Q

in elongation, the creation of peptide bonds between amino acids is catalyzed by

a. rRNA
b. protein in the small subunit
c. protein in the large subunit
d. tRNA

A

a. rRNA

23
Q

polyribosomes

A

an mRNA with several ribosomes attached

24
Q

in a polyribosome, the polypeptides associated with which ribosomes will be the longest?

a. those at the 5’ end of mRNA
b. those at the 3’ end of mRNA
c. those in the middle of mRNA
d. all polypeptides will be the same length

A

b. those at the 3’ end of mRNA

25
Q

What are some of different processes that affect gene regulation by altering chromatin structure?

A

modification of histone processes (methylation and acetylation)
and DNA methylation

26
Q

most transcriptional activator proteins affect transcription by interacting with

a. introns
b. basal transcription apparatus
c. DNA polymerase
d. the terminator

A

b. basal transcription apparatus

27
Q

How does the binding of regulatory proteins to enhancers affect transcription at genes that are thousands of base pairs away?

A

the DNA between the enhancer and the promotor loops out, so regulatory proteins bound to the enhancer are able to interact directly with the transcription apparatus

28
Q

How does the poly(A) tail affect stability?

A

the poly(A) tail stabilizes the 5’ cap which must be removed before the mRNA molecule can be degraded from the 5’ end

29
Q

in RNA silencing, siRNAs and miRNAs usually bind to which part of the mRNA molecules that they control?

a. 5’ UTR
b. segment that encodes amino acids
c. 3’ poly (A) tail
d. 3’ UTR

A

d. 3’UTR

30
Q

What is a constitutive gene?

A

a constitutive gene is not regulated and is expressed continually

31
Q

why is transcription a particularly important level of gene regulation in both bacteria and eukaryotes?

A

because it is the first step in the process of information transfer from DNA to protein . for cellular efficiency, gene expression is often regulated early in the process of protein rpoduction

32
Q

how do amino acids in DNA-binding proteins interact with DNA?

a. by forming covalent bonds with DNA bases
b. by forming hydrogen bonds with DNA bases
c. by forming covalent bonds with DNA sugars

A

b. by forming hydrogen bonds with DNA bases

33
Q

What is the difference between a structural gene and a regulator gene?

a. structural genes are transcribed into mRNA, but regulator genes aren’t
b. structural genes have complex structures; regulator genes have simple structures
c. structural genes encode proteins that function in the structure of the cell; regulator genes carry out metabolic reactions
d. structural genes encode proteins; regulator genes control the transcription of structural genes

A

d. structural genes encode proteins; regulator genes control the transcription of structural genes

34
Q 
in a negative repressible operon, the regulator protein is synthesized as 
a. an active activator 
b. an inactive activator 
c. an active repressor
d, an inactive repressor
A

d, an inactive repressor

35
Q 
in the presence of allolactose, the lac repressor 
a, binds to the operator 
b. binds to the promoter
c, cannot bind to the operator 
d. binds to the regulator gene
A

c, cannot bind to the operator

36
Q

in the trp operon, what happens to the trp repressor in the absences of tryptophan?
a, it binds to the operator and presses transcription
b. it cannot bind to the operator and transcription takes place
c. it binds to the regulator gene and represses transcription
d. it cannot bind to the regulator gene and transcription takes place

A

b. it cannot bind to the operator and transcription takes place

37
Q 
attenuation results when which regions of the 5' UTR pair?
A. 1 and 3 
b. 2 and 3 
c, 2 and 4
d. 3 and 4
A

d. 3 and 4

38
Q

What is the effect of high levels of glucose on the lac operon?
a. transcription is stimulated
b. little transcription take place
c transcription is not affected
d. transcription may be stimulated or inhibited, depending on the levels of lactose

A

b. little transcription take place

Genetics- Katie (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions