lecture 23 & 24

Question 1

t/f humans have been causing extinctions for milenia

Answer 1

true

Question 2

non native species introductions are decreasing

Answer 2

false non native species introductions are increasing and have increased fivefold

Question 3

taxonomic homegenization

Answer 3

when spatially distributed species become similar over time

Question 4

true or false introductions of non native species can increase regional biodiversity

Answer 4

true

Question 5

what are some threats to biodiversity

Answer 5

habitat loss
habitat fragmentation
habitat degradation

Question 6

habitat loss

Answer 6

changing an ecosystem to something else for another use

Question 7

habitat fragmentation

Answer 7

breaking up continuous habitat into patches when it is a human dominated area

Question 8

habitat degradation

Answer 8

changes that reduce quality of the habitat for many species

Question 9

invasive species

Answer 9

non native introduced species that have negative impacts on the environment.

Question 10

example of habitat degradation

Answer 10

the collapse of the cod fishery

Question 11

t/f different biomes face different threats

Answer 11

true

Question 12

population viability analysis

Answer 12

allows ecologists to assess extinction risks and evaluate management options

Question 13

pva is not used to

Answer 13

• Assess risk of extinction of a population
• Identify particularly vulnerable age or stage classes
• Determine how many individuals are needed to establish a new
population
• Determine a safe number of animals to harvest
Assess how long a population will survive.

Question 14

surrogate species

Answer 14

protecting habitat for one species can lead to protection of other species

Question 15

flagship species

Answer 15

an organism people will want to give protection to

Question 16

umbrella species

Answer 16

protection of its habitat will serve as an umbrella to protect many other species with similar habitats

Question 17

t/f (gis) integrates data to use for landscape planning, conservation, and urban development.

Answer 17

true

Question 18

GAP

Answer 18

gap analysis program used to identify organisms that are not represented in conservation lands

Question 19

t/f for bitic flow between a landscape, the patches must be directly connected or the surrounding habitat

Answer 19

true

Question 20

edges

Answer 20

total length of habitat boundary increases as fragmentation increases.

Question 21

abiotic edge effects

Answer 21

included higher temperatures higher wind speeds and more light penertration

Question 22

biotic consequences

Answer 22

higher rates of decomposition

Question 23

habitat corridors

Answer 23

linear patches that connect block of habitat. can reduce the effects of fragmentation.

Question 24

resource partitioning

Answer 24

competing species will coexist if resources are used in different ways

Question 25

resource ratio hypothesis

Answer 25

species coexist by using resources in different proportions.

Question 26

t/f without disturbance some habitats can not maintain species diversity

Answer 26

true because the dominant species are able to exclude several others.

Question 27

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

Answer 27

species diversity will be at its greatest at intermediate levels of disturbance.

Question 28

competitive displacement

Answer 28

the best competitor uses the the limiting resources to reduce the weaker competitors population growth

Question 29

t/f the dynamic equillibrium model uses disturbance frequency and rate of competitive displacement to determine species diversity

Answer 29

true

Question 30

the diversity stability theory

Answer 30

species richness is positively related to community stability

Question 31

complementarity hypothesis

Answer 31

as species richness increases there will be linear increase in community function

Question 32

redundancy hypothesis

Answer 32

the functional contribution of additional species reaches a threshold

Question 33

idiosyncratic hypothesis

Answer 33

strength of ecological function varies greatly.

Question 34

greenhouse gases

Answer 34

co2 ch4 and n2o