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Evolution > Lecture 21-22 > Flashcards

Lecture 21-22 Flashcards

1
Q

primary production

A

the chemical energy generated by autotrophs during photosynthesis and chemosynthesis

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2
Q

gross primary production

A

total amount of carbon fixed by autotrophs. controlled by climate as it its influenced by photosynthetic rates.

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3
Q

net primary production

A

the amount of energy captured by autotrophs that result in an increase in biomass

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4
Q

t/f NPP energy left over for plant growth and for consumption by detritivores and herbivores

A

true

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5
Q

leaf area index

A

leaf area per unit ground area

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6
Q

grassland and desert plants allocate more npp to roots because soil nutrients and water are scarce

A

true

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7
Q

NPP can not be estimate from GPP and respiration measurements

A

false it can

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8
Q

net ecosystem energy

A

the net change in co2 is gpp

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9
Q

NPP increases as precipiation increases

A

true

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10
Q

Npp increases with average annual temperature

A

true

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11
Q

secondary production

A

energy derived from consuming organic compounds produced by other organisms

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12
Q

1st trophic level

A

primary producers autotrophs produce the most organic matter in an ecosystem

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13
Q

2nd trophic level

A

herbivores that consume the autotrophs

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14
Q

3rd or higher trophic level

A

carnivores that consume animals from the level below

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15
Q

primary producers

A

autotrops

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16
Q

primary consumers

A

herbivores

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17
Q

secondary consumers

A

carnivores

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18
Q

tertiary consumers

A

carnivores

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19
Q

interaction webs

A

describe tropic and non trophic interactions.

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20
Q 
t/f  terrestrial ecosystems,
only a small portion of the
biomass is consumed, and
most of the energy flow
passes through the detritus
A

true

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21
Q

trophic pyramid

A

displays the amounts of energy or biomass in each trophic level

22
Q

t/f

A

in aquatic ecosystems the biomass pyramid is inverted

23
Q

bottom up view

A

resources that limit NPP determine energy flow through an ecosystem

24
Q

top down view

A

energy flow is controlled by rates of consumption at the highest trophic levels

25
Q

trophic cascades

A

trophic interactions that result in changes in biomass and species composition.

26
Q

what may control the number of trophic levels

A

amount of energy entering primary production
frequency of disturbance
ecosytem size

27
Q

community structure

A

the set of characteristics that shape communities

28
Q

species richness

A

the number of species in a community

29
Q

species evenness

A

relative abundance compared with one another

30
Q

taxonomic affinity

A

all bird species in a community

31
Q

guild

A

a group of species that use the same resources

32
Q

functional group

A

species that function in similar ways

33
Q

species accumulation curves help determine what?

A

when most or all of the species in a community have been observed

34
Q

species composition

A

identity of a species in a community

35
Q

trophic facilitation

A

a consumer is indirectly facilitated by a positive interaction between its prey and another species

36
Q

competitive networks

A

interactions among species where every species has a negative effect on every other species

37
Q

foundation species

A

dominant species

38
Q

ecosystem engineers

A

organisms that create, modify, or maintain physical habitat for themselves and other species

39
Q

interaction strength

A

measure of the effect of one species on the population size of another species

40
Q

keystone can be top predators but are not always

A

true

41
Q

redundant

A

having the same function as other species within a larger functional group

42
Q

disturbance

A

events that injure or kill individuals

43
Q

stress

A

abiotic factors that reduce growth, reproduction, or survival

44
Q

subtle change

A

gradual turnover of dominant species due to competition

45
Q

catastrophic change

A

large scale changes

46
Q

succession

A

change in species composition over time

47
Q

climax stage

A

the stable end point in succession that changes little.

48
Q

primary succession

A

slow progression initial conditions are inhospitable colonization of habitats that have no life

49
Q

secondary succesion

A

reestablishment of a community where some organisms have been destroyed occurs after fires/ storms

50
Q

facilitation model of succession

A

early species change the environment in ways that benefit later species.

51
Q

tolerance model

A

early species change the environment in ways that do not benefit nor harm later species

52
Q

inhibition model

A

early species change conditions in negative ways that hinder later species

Evolution (3 decks)

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