lecture 19 & 20 Flashcards
carnivory
both predator and prey are animals
herbivory
predator is an animal prey is plant
parasitism
predator is a parasite and prey are the host
generalists
if encounter rate is low predators are generalists
specialists
when prey are easy to find but handling time is too long predators will be specialists
t/f most carnivores are generalists and will eat prey if they are available with no preference
true
t/f some carnivores concentrate on whatever prey is most abundant
true
t/f most herbivores are specialists and will feed on many different species
true
what are some adaptations to help escape being eaten
large size
body armor
warning coloration
camouflage/crypsis
compensation
removal of plant tissue stimulates new growth
secondary compounds
toxic chemicals that reduce herbivory
competition
interaction between individuals of species where all are negatively impacted due to a shared use of a resource
interspecific competition
between members of different species
intraspecific competition
between individuals of a single species
fundamental niche
full set of resources
realized niche
restricted set of resources a species is limited to due to species interactions
exploitation competition
individuals reduce the supply of a resource as they use it
interference competition
one species directly interferes with the ability of its competitors to use a limiting resource
alleopathy
plant of a species release toxins that harm other species ex of interference comp
ammensalism
individuals of one species are harmed while the other is not
competitive coexistence
the ability to coexist while sharing a limiting resource
competitive exclusion principle
two species can not coexist forever while sharing a limiting resource
character displacement
competition causes phenotypes of competing species to evolve to become different over time
mutualistic relationship
both parties benefit
commensalism
one benefits while the other is unaffected
symbiosis
two species live in close contact with another
mycorrhizae
associations between the roots of a plant and fungi
trophic mutualism
a mutualist receives energy or nutrients from its partner
habitat mutualism
one partner provides the other with shelter
cheaters
increase offspring production by exploiting their partner
