lecture 19 & 20

Question 1

carnivory

Answer 1

both predator and prey are animals

Question 2

herbivory

Answer 2

predator is an animal prey is plant

Question 3

parasitism

Answer 3

predator is a parasite and prey are the host

Question 4

generalists

Answer 4

if encounter rate is low predators are generalists

Question 5

specialists

Answer 5

when prey are easy to find but handling time is too long predators will be specialists

Question 6

t/f most carnivores are generalists and will eat prey if they are available with no preference

Answer 6

true

Question 7

t/f some carnivores concentrate on whatever prey is most abundant

Answer 7

true

Question 8

t/f most herbivores are specialists and will feed on many different species

Answer 8

true

Question 9

what are some adaptations to help escape being eaten

Answer 9

large size
body armor
warning coloration
camouflage/crypsis

Question 10

compensation

Answer 10

removal of plant tissue stimulates new growth

Question 11

secondary compounds

Answer 11

toxic chemicals that reduce herbivory

Question 12

competition

Answer 12

interaction between individuals of species where all are negatively impacted due to a shared use of a resource

Question 13

interspecific competition

Answer 13

between members of different species

Question 14

intraspecific competition

Answer 14

between individuals of a single species

Question 15

fundamental niche

Answer 15

full set of resources

Question 16

realized niche

Answer 16

restricted set of resources a species is limited to due to species interactions

Question 17

exploitation competition

Answer 17

individuals reduce the supply of a resource as they use it

Question 18

interference competition

Answer 18

one species directly interferes with the ability of its competitors to use a limiting resource

Question 19

alleopathy

Answer 19

plant of a species release toxins that harm other species ex of interference comp

Question 20

ammensalism

Answer 20

individuals of one species are harmed while the other is not

Question 21

competitive coexistence

Answer 21

the ability to coexist while sharing a limiting resource

Question 22

competitive exclusion principle

Answer 22

two species can not coexist forever while sharing a limiting resource

Question 23

character displacement

Answer 23

competition causes phenotypes of competing species to evolve to become different over time

Question 24

mutualistic relationship

Answer 24

both parties benefit

Question 25

commensalism

Answer 25

one benefits while the other is unaffected

Question 26

symbiosis

Answer 26

two species live in close contact with another

Question 27

mycorrhizae

Answer 27

associations between the roots of a plant and fungi

Question 28

trophic mutualism

Answer 28

a mutualist receives energy or nutrients from its partner

Question 29

habitat mutualism

Answer 29

one partner provides the other with shelter

Question 30

cheaters

Answer 30

increase offspring production by exploiting their partner