Lecture 23

Question 1

Herbs are usually the aromatic ___, or sometimes the ___, of plants from ___ places. Other organs may also be herbs.

Answer 1

leaves, seeds, temperate

Question 2

There are four well-known families of herbs: ___, ___, ___, and ___.

Answer 2

lily, mint, mustard, parsley

Question 3

The mint family, or Lamiaceae, is made up of herbaceous plants and small shrubs with ___ stems. They have simple aromatic leaves with numerous ___ ___. Their ___ ___ or distilled oils are used. The ___ region is an important center of origin for the mint family.

Answer 3

square, oil glands, dried leaves, Mediterranean

Question 4

The ___ family, or ___, includes…
- marjoram
- oregano
- ___
- rosemary
- sage, savory, ___, sweet basil
- thyme

Answer 4

mint, Lamiaceae, peppermint, spearmint

Question 5

The parsley family, or ___, is made up of annual, biennial, and perennial plants recognized by their ___ (flat-topped ___) and compound leaves. Their characteristic fruit is a ___ - a dry indehiscent fruit that splits into two one-seeded identical halves commercially referred to as seeds.
Their useful parts are ___ (___), dried leaves, or both.

Answer 5

Apiaceae, umbels, inflorescences, schizocarp, fruits, seeds

Question 6

The ___ family, or ___, includes…
- anise
- caraway, celery, chervil, cilantro, coriander, cumin
- dill
- fennel
- ___

Answer 6

parsley, Apiaceae, parsley

Question 7

The ___ family, or ___, contains many vegetables, including cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussels sprouts, turnips, and radishes. It also contains 2 flavorful herbs: ___ and ___. The family is especially abundant in the ___.

Answer 7

mustard, Brassicaceae, mustard, horseradish, Mediterranean

Question 8

The pungent alliums, or ___, are herbaceous perennials that arise from rhizomes, bulbs, or ___. A single genus, ___ from C. ___, is the source of many familiar herbs.

Answer 8

Alliaceae, corms, Allium, Asia

Question 9

The ___ ___, or ___ (and, more specifically, the ___ genus), include…
- chives
- garlic
- leeks
- onions
- shallots

Answer 9

pungent alliums, Alliaceae, Allium

Question 10

An onion is a ___ producing a single large bulb; garlic is a ___ with a ___ bulb. Each clove of garlic is called a ___.
Their pungent flavors are due to volatile ___ compounds that are released when the tissues are cut. In garlic, this is ___; in onion, it is the ___ factor.

Answer 10

biennial, perennial, composite, bulblet, sulfur, allicin, lacrimatory

Question 11

Ebers Papyrus listed 22 uses of ___ for various ailments; in both India and China, ___ and ___ are used for numerous conditions. Modern research has shown that these traditional remedies have a sound scientific basis: ___ compounds in ___ inhibit the growth of disease-causing ___ and fungi, as well as the formation of blood clots.

Answer 11

garlic, onions, garlic, sulfur, garlic, bacteria