Lecture 23 Flashcards
fluid component of blood; can be up to 55% of the total blood volume
plasma
the most common cell components of blood; average adult hematocrit is around 45%; anucleated
erythrocytes (red blood cells)
less than 1% of circulating blood volume; nucleated
leukocytes (white blood cells)
smallest cellular component of blood; fragments of megakaryocytes
platelets
makes up of about 90% of plasma
water
make up 0.9% and sodium predominates
salts
make up 9% of plasma
proteins
make up 0.1% of plasma; contains vitamins, minerals, glucose and amino acids as nutrients and urea, uric acid and creatinine as waste products
nutrients and waste
no granules in their cytoplasm and their nuclei fairly normal in shape
agranulocytes
two types of agranulocytes
monocytes and lymphocytes
largest of all leukocytes; 3-8% of total circulating WBCs; increase in number in response to inflammation and viral infection
monocytes
smallest leukocytes; 25-35% of total circulating WBCs; part of lymphoid series; all look like but play very different roles; divided into b cells (plasma cells) and t cells (cytotoxic cells); increase in number in response to acute infection
lymphocytes
have granules in their cytoplasm and are defined by how these granules stain; nuclei are polymorphic (weird);
granulocytes
three types of granulocytes
eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils
unstained granule; 60-70% of all WBCs; part myeloid series; increase in number in response to bacterial infection (neutrophilia)
neutrophil
red granules; 2-4% of circulating WBCs; part of myeloid series; cell count increases with allergies, parasitic infections and menstrual cycle
eosinophil
blue granules; less than 1% of total WBCs; part of myeloid series; never found in any large numbers; secrete histamine (attracts leukocytes) and heparin (prevents clot formation)
basophil
average platelet count is from 130,00 to 400,000/mm^3; extremely small; not truly cells but fragments of a megakaryocyte
thrombocytes (platelets)
