Lecture 17

Question 1

carried out by osteoblasts and osteocytes in response to hormonal control, primarily in immature humans. In adults, bones thicken with use

Answer 1

Bone Deposition

Question 2

takes place when the matrix is disrupted and must be repaired

Answer 2

Bone Resorption

Question 3

vitamin for Ca++ absorption

Answer 3

Vitamin D

Question 4

vitamin for formation of collagen

Answer 4

Vitamin C

Question 5

lateral curvature of spine

Answer 5

Scoliosis

Question 6

accentuated cervico-thoracic curvature. Also called “hunchback” commonly found with osteoporosis

Answer 6

Kyphosis

Question 7

accentuated lumbo-sacral curvature. Also called “swayback” common in women than men

Answer 7

Lordosis

Question 8

hairline fracture

Answer 8

Nondisplaced Fracture

Question 9

bone is completely fractured through. requires reduction

Answer 9

Displaced Fracture

Question 10

bone bends before it breaks

Answer 10

Greenstick Fracture

Question 11

multiple fractures, producing bone fragments

Answer 11

Comminuted Fracture

Question 12

order of fracture repair

Answer 12

hematoma, soft callus, hard callus, spongy bone, compact bone (if applicable)

Question 13

any disruption of the osseous matrix, usually the result of trauma

Answer 13

Fracture

Question 14

any point where two bones meet

Answer 14

Joints

Question 15

joint that is relatively inflexible and is formed by fibrous connective tissue

Answer 15

Synarthrosis Joint

Question 16

joint that is slightly flexible and is formed by cartilage

Answer 16

Amphiarthrosis Joint

Question 17

flexible joint, also called a synovial joint

Answer 17

Diarthrosis Joint

Question 18

the space between the bones is narrow and filled with collagen fibers

Answer 18

Fibrous Joint

Question 19

the space between the bones is wider and filled with cartilage

Answer 19

Cartilagenous Joint

Question 20

hyaline cartilage covers the opposing articular bone surfaces and a fluid-filled cavity exists between them (synovial cavity)

Answer 20

Synovial Joint

Question 21

form between the flat bones of the cranium

Answer 21

Sutures

Question 22

forms between tooth root and surrounding bone socket

Answer 22

Gomphosis

Question 23

found at the proximal end of radius and ulna (tibia and fibula)

Answer 23

Syndesmosis

Question 24

bones are bound together by hyaline cartilage

Answer 24

Synchondrosis

Question 25

bones are bound together by fibrocartilage

Answer 25

Symphysis

Question 26

360 degrees range of motion. Heads of humerus and femur

Answer 26

Ball and Socket Joint

Question 27

moves in two planes at right angles, effectively 360 degrees range of motion. Proximal head of first metacarpal, sternoclavicular joint

Answer 27

Saddle Joint

Question 28

the most common diarthrotic joint, one plane of movement. Phalanges, knee, elbow

Answer 28

Hinge Joint

Question 29

moves in two planes at right angles. Similar to ball and socket but more restricted. Metacarpophalangeal and radiocarpal joint

Answer 29

Condylar Joint

Question 30

also called gliding joint, can moves slightly in any direction. Intercarpalar and intertarsalar, intervertebral facets

Answer 30

Planar Joint

Question 31

bones rotate in place with respect to each other. Radioulnar is most flexible, altantoaxial joint

Answer 31

Pivot Joint

Question 32

allow free motion, but not around a central axis - planar joint

Answer 32

Nonaxial Joints

Question 33

allow motion around only one axis - hinge joint, pivot joint

Answer 33

Uniaxial Joints

Question 34

allow motion around two axes - saddle joint, condylar joint

Answer 34

Biaxial Joints

Question 35

allow motion around three or more axes - ball and socket joint

Answer 35

Multiaxial Joints

Question 36

moving the lesser towards the greater, parallel to the sagittal (median) plane

Answer 36

Flexion

Question 37

moving the lesser away from the greater, parallel to the sagittal plane

Answer 37

Extension

Question 38

any extension movement beyond normal anatomical position

Answer 38

Hyperextension

Question 39

to move a body part away from the sagittal plane

Answer 39

Abduction

Question 40

to move a body part towards the sagittal plane

Answer 40

Adduction

Question 41

adducting and crossing sagittal plane

Answer 41

Hyperadduction

Question 42

raise a part vertically in a line parallel to the sagittal plane

Answer 42

Elevation

Question 43

lower a part vertically in a line parallel to the sagittal plane

Answer 43

Depression

Question 44

extend a part horizontally in a line parallel to the sagittal plane

Answer 44

Protraction

Question 45

tract a part horizontally in a line parallel to the sagittal plane

Answer 45

Retraction

Question 46

moving a part a full 360 degrees

Answer 46

Circumduction

Question 47

moving a part in an arc while in place

Answer 47

Rotation

Question 48

rotation of forearm to place hand 'palms up'

Answer 48

Supination

Question 49

rotation of forearm to place hand 'palms down'

Answer 49

Pronation

Question 50

inflammation and eventual calcification and/or fusion of a diarthrotic joint from 'wear and tear'

Answer 50

Osteoarthritis

Question 51

inflammation of soft tissue of joint, swelling and partially immobilizing it.

Answer 51

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Question 52

inflammation of the bursa, usually as the result of calculus formation

Answer 52

Bursitis

Question 53

rupturing of ligament or tendon or both around the joint without fracture

Answer 53

Sprain