Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physiology Exam 3 > Lecture 22: Pulmonary Ventilation and Gas Laws > Flashcards

Lecture 22: Pulmonary Ventilation and Gas Laws Flashcards

1
Q

What muscles are inspiratory?

A 
respiratory diaphragm
external intercostal muscles 
sternomastoids
serratus anterior muscles
scalene muscles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What muscles are expiratory?

A

passive at rest (no muscles used)

forced expiration: abdominal muscles, internal intercostals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

maximum volume of gas the lungs can hold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is tidal volume?

A

500 ml

volume of air that is inspired or expired with each breath at rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the inspiratory reserve volume?

A

3000 ml

volume of air that can be inspired in addition to tidal volume with forceful inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the expiratory reserve volume?

A

1100 ml

additional volume of air that can be expired at end of tidal volume by forceful expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is residual volume?

A

1200 ml

volume of air remaining in lungs after forceful expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is vital capacity?

A

4600 ml
sum of all the volumes that can be inspired or exhaled, inspiration to maximum extent plus expiration to the maximum extent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is total lung capacity?

A

5800 ml

sum of all the volumes= vital capacity plus residual volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is inspiratory capacity?

A

3500 ml

sum of volumes above resting capacity= tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is functional residual capacity?

A

2300 ml

sum of volumes below resting capacity = expiratory reserve volume + residual volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

total volume of gases moved into or out of the lungs per minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is minute ventilation calculated?

A

breaths per minute x tidal volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

total volume of gases that enter spaces participating in gas exchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is alveolar ventilation calculated?

A

breaths per minute x (tidal volume - dead space)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is anatomical dead space?

A

trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

17
Q

What is physiological dead space?

A

anatomic dead space + ventilated alveoli with poor or absent perfusion

18
Q

What is the total dead space in an individual?

A

.15 liters

19
Q

Minute ventilation = ____ x breathing rate

A

.5

20
Q

Alveolar ventilation = ____ x breathing rate

A

.35

21
Q

What does dead space not participate in?

A

gas exchange

22
Q

What is pleural pressure?

A

pressure of the fluid between parietal pleura and the visceral pleura

23
Q

What is alveolar pressure?

A

pressure of the air inside the alveoli

24
Q

What is trans pulmonary pressure?

A

difference between the alveolar pressure and the pleural pressure

25
Q

What is compliance?

A

the extent (volume) to which lungs will expand for each unit increase in the transpulmonary pressure

26
Q

What is the compliance equation?

A

increase in volume / increase in pressure

or distensibility x volume

27
Q

What is elastance?

A

measure of the tendency of a hollow virus recoil toward original dimensions

28
Q

What are the most important components of surfactant?

A

dipalmitoylphophatidylcholine (a phospholipid)
surfactant apoproteins
calcium ions

29
Q

pressure = 2 x _______ / _______

A

surface tension; radius of alveolus

30
Q

If there is no surfactant, the pressure would calculate to about ____ cm of water pressure, about ___ times as great

A

18; 4.5

31
Q

What makes up atmospheric pressure?

A

78.09% N
20.95% O2
.93% Ar
0.03% CO2

32
Q

What is Dalton’s law?

A

total pressure exerted by the mixture of non reactive gases equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases

33
Q

What is Boyle’s law?

A

for a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, P (pressure) and V (volume) are inversely proportional

34
Q

What is Henry’s law?

A

at a constant temperature, the amount of a given gas that dissolves in a given type and volume of liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with that liquid

35
Q

What is the ideal gas law?

A

P = nRT/ V

36
Q

What is the partial pressure of O2 at alveolar membrane?

A

150 mmHg

37
Q

What is the partial pressure of CO2 at alveolar membrane?

A

0.21 mmHg

38
Q

What are the factors that affect rate of gas diffusion in a fluid?

A 
solubility of gas in the fluid
cross sectional area of the fluid
distance through which the gas must diffuse
molecular weight of gas
temperature of fluid

Physiology Exam 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions