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Physiology Exam 3 > Lecture 17: Micturition and Glomerular Filtration > Flashcards

Lecture 17: Micturition and Glomerular Filtration Flashcards

1
Q

Once initiated, the micturition is ______

A

self-regenerative

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2
Q

As the bladder continues to fill, micturition reflexes occur more _____ and are more _____

A

often; powerful

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3
Q

What are functions of the nephron?

A 
get rid of waste material 
regulate water and electrolyte balance
regulate body fluid osmolarity 
regulate arterial pressure 
regulate acid base balance 
secretion, metabolism, and excretion of hormones 
gluconeogeneis
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4
Q

How does the nephron regulate arterial pressure long term?

A

excrete variable amounts of sodium ion and water

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5
Q

How does the nephron regulate arterial pressure short term?

A

secrete hormones and vasoactive factors such as renin

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6
Q

What are the three processes that determine the rate at which different substances are excreted in the urine?

A

filtration
reabsorption
secretion

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7
Q

What is the urinary excretion rate?

A

filtration rate - reabsorption rate + secretion rate

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8
Q

What are the major components of the glomerular filtrate?

A

water
ions
glucose
urea

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9
Q

What is the filtration fraction equation?

A

GFR/ renal plasma flow

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10
Q

What are the layers of the filtration barrier?

A

endothelium
basement membrane
podocytes

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11
Q

What is the glomerular filtration rate determined by?

A

balance of hydrostatic and colloid osmotic forces acting across capillary membrane

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12
Q

What is the GFR?

A

125 ml/min = 180 L/day

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13
Q

Water has a filterability of _____

A

1.0

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14
Q

What are some of the diseases that lower glomerular capillary filtration coefficient?

A

chronic uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes mellitus

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15
Q

What is minimal change nephropathy?

A

loss of negative charge on the basement membrane

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16
Q

What is hydronephrosis?

A

distension and dilation of renal pelvis and calyces

17
Q

What is the GFR equation?

A

k1 x net filtration pressure

k1= capillary filtration coefficient

18
Q

What are factors that influence glomerular capillary colloid osmotic pressure?

A

arterial plasma colloid osmotic pressure

filtration fraction

19
Q

What are factors that increase glomerular colloid osmotic pressure?

A

increasing filtration fraction

20
Q

An increase in arterial pressure ______ glomerular hydrostatic pressure and _____ GFR

A

increases; increases

21
Q

An increase in afferent arteriolar resistance ______ glomerular hydrostatic pressure and _____ GFR

A

decreases; decreases

22
Q

An increase in efferent arteriolar resistance ______ glomerular hydrostatic pressure and _____ GFR

A

increases; increases (slightly)

23
Q

Renal blood flow equation

A

(renal artery pressure- renal vein pressure) / (total vascular resistance)

24
Q

All blood vessels of the kidney are innervated by _____ system

A

sympathetic

25
Q

What does strong activation of renal sympathetic nerves do?

A

constrict renal arterioles

decrease renal blood flow and GFR

26
Q

What mechanisms control GFR consistency?

A

sympathetic system

hormones

27
Q

What is endothelin’s role in controlling GFR?

A

released by damaged vascular endothelial cells of the kidneys and other tissues

28
Q

What is angiotensin II’s role in controlling GFR?

A

constricts efferent arterioles
formed usually in situations with decreased arterial pressure or volume depletion
afferent arterioles seem to be protected against the effects of angiotensin II

29
Q

What is nitric oxide’s role in controlling GFR?

A

derived from endothelial cells

basic level helps maintain renal vasodilation

30
Q

What are the roles of prostaglandins and bradykinin in controlling GFR?

A

vasodilators that may offset effects of sympathetic and angiotensin II vasoconstrictor effects

31
Q

What does auto regulation refer to?

A

relative constant of GFR and renal blood flow

32
Q

What is the primary function of auto regulation?

A

maintain relatively constant GFR
allow precise control of renal excretion of water and solutes
prevent relatively large changes in GFR and renal excretion that would otherwise occur with changes in blood pressure

33
Q

What is normal daily fluid excretion?

A

1.5 L/day

34
Q

What are the two components of tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism for auto regulation?

A

an afferent arteriolar feedback mechanism

an efferent arteriolar feedback mechanism

35
Q

If GFR decreases, there is a slow flow rate in loop of Henle, and a ______ reabsorption or sodium and chloride ions into ascending limb, and ______ in sodium chloride at macula densa

A

increase; decrease

36
Q

A decrease in NaCl results in signal from macula densa which results in:
_______ resistance to blood in afferent arterioles
_____ renin release from JG cells
_______ angiotensin II
________ efferent arteriolar resistance

A

decrease; increase; increase; increase

Physiology Exam 3 (9 decks)

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