Lecture 22: Pulmonary Ventilation Flashcards
Total lung capacity
The maximum volume of gas the lungs can hold; sum of volumes (vital capacity + residual volume)
Normal: 5800 mL
Tidal volume
Volume of air inspired/expired with each breath at rest
Normal: 500 mL
Inspiratory reserve volume
Volume of air that can be inspired in addition to tidal volume with forceful inspiration
Normal: 3000 mL
Expiratory reserve volume
Additional volume of air that can be expired at end of tidal volume by forceful expiration
Normal: 1100 mL
Residual volume
Volume of air remaining in the lungs after forceful expiration
Normal: 1200 mL
Inspiratory capacity
Sum of volumes above resting capacity (tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume)
Normal: 3500 mL
Functional residual capacity
Sum of volumes below resting capacity (expiratory reserve volume + residual volume)
Normal 2300 mL
Minute ventilation
total volume of gas moved into/out of the lungs per minute; breaths per minute x tidal volume
Alveolar ventilation
total volume of gases that enter the spaces involved in gas exchange per minute; breaths per minute x (tidal volume - dead space)
Dead space
Anatomic: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
Physiologic: anatomic + ventilated alveoli with poor or absent perfusion
150 mL at rest
Pleural pressure
Pressure of fluid between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura
Alveolar pressure
Pressure of fluid inside the alveoli
Transpulmonary pressure
Difference between the alveolar and pleural pressure
Compliance
Expansibility of the lungs; the volume to which the lungs expand for each unit increase in transpulmonary pressure; normal: 200 mL air/cm H2O
Elastance
Tendency of a hollow viscus to recoil toward its original dimension following the removal of distending/collapsing force
